Robust Solutions to PDEs with Multiple Grids

Author(s):  
Brendan Harding ◽  
Markus Hegland
Author(s):  
Barbara Gray ◽  
Jill Purdy

Multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) are formed to tackle knotty societal problems, promote innovation, provide public services, expand governance capabilities, set standards for a field, or resolve conflicts that impede progress on critical issues. Partnerships are viewed as collaboration among four types of stakeholders: businesses, governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and civic society. The objective of collaboration is to create a richer, more comprehensive appreciation of the iss/problem than any of the partners could construct alone by viewing it from the perspectives of all the stakeholders and designing robust solutions. Such partnerships are necessary because few organizations contain sufficient knowledge and resources to fully analyze issues and take action on them unilaterally. Five essential components of a rigorous definition of collaboration are presented: interdependence among partners, emergence of shared norms, wrestling with differences, respect for different competencies, and assuming joint responsibility for outcomes. Several examples of MSPs are provided.


2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Climent ◽  
Richard J. Wallace ◽  
Miguel A. Salido ◽  
Federico Barber

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Boutteau ◽  
Peter Sturm ◽  
Pascal Vasseur ◽  
Cédric Demonceaux

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 299-309
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ DRZADZEWSKI ◽  
MARK WINEBERG

The common definition for robust solutions considers a solution robust if it remains optimal when the parameters defining the fitness function are perturbed. A second definition that can be found in the literature: robustness occurs when a solution can be varied spatially without a significant drop in fitness. We propose an alternative operational definition for spatial robustness: both the solution and the neighbourhood around the solution has fitness above a given threshold. With this new definition, we created a set of functions with useful properties to allow for the testing of solution robustness. The performance of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is then evaluated based on its ability to identify multiple robust solutions based on the above robustness definition. Different neighbourhood evaluation schemes are identified from the literature and compared, with the minimum neighbour technique proving to be the most effective.


Author(s):  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Stéphane Caro ◽  
Fouad Bennis ◽  
Oscar Brito Augusto

For Multi-Objective Robust Optimization Problem (MOROP), it is important to obtain design solutions that are both optimal and robust. To find these solutions, usually, the designer need to set a threshold of the variation of Performance Functions (PFs) before optimization, or add the effects of uncertainties on the original PFs to generate a new Pareto robust front. In this paper, we divide a MOROP into two Multi-Objective Optimization Problems (MOOPs). One is the original MOOP, another one is that we take the Robustness Functions (RFs), robust counterparts of the original PFs, as optimization objectives. After solving these two MOOPs separately, two sets of solutions come out, namely the Pareto Performance Solutions (PP) and the Pareto Robustness Solutions (PR). Make a further development on these two sets, we can get two types of solutions, namely the Pareto Robustness Solutions among the Pareto Performance Solutions (PR(PP)), and the Pareto Performance Solutions among the Pareto Robustness Solutions (PP(PR)). Further more, the intersection of PR(PP) and PP(PR) can represent the intersection of PR and PP well. Then the designer can choose good solutions by comparing the results of PR(PP) and PP(PR). Thanks to this method, we can find out the optimal and robust solutions without setting the threshold of the variation of PFs nor losing the initial Pareto front. Finally, an illustrative example highlights the contributions of the paper.


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