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2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Havrevold Henni ◽  
Sigurd Maurud ◽  
Kristin Skeide Fuglerud ◽  
Anne Moen

Abstract Objective Globally, the number of digital health solutions is increasing, but they are not always designed with access and utilisation for people with impairments in mind. Development efforts have often not included the voice and requirements of people with impairments, who make up 15% of the world’s population, despite the fact that this can help ensure broad access and utilisation. Little attention to and limited inclusion of people with impairments in the development of digital health solutions results in continued and reinforced inequalities in health services provision for people with impairments. This review investigates the needs and barriers of people with impairments related to use of digital health solutions and strategies to foster user participation, access and utilisation of digital health solutions. Methods This scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual, had five phases: 1) identification of aim and research questions, 2) literature search in five databases (April/May 2020), 3) literature screening based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4) data extraction, and (5) reporting results. Results The literature search resulted in 5968 sources, of which 25 met our inclusion criteria. People with impairments appreciate digital health solutions that are designed to meet their specific impairment-related challenges. The reported needs and barriers related to technological design varied depending on the individuals’ challenges. The literature reported different types of participatory co-design strategies to foster access and utilisation of digital health solutions. Conclusion This scoping review support needs for increased awareness among developers to design solutions that meet people’s needs, contexts and states of health. By applying universal design as a strategy and including people with different types of impairments, starting in the idea creation phase of digital health solutions and throughout the development, developers can design solutions with better accessibility. Digital health solutions that are accessible and usable have a tremendous opportunity to foster health equity and achieve health promotion, prevention and self-care. This in turn can contribute to closing the gap between different population groups, reduce disparities and get the most from available healthcare services.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sychugov

Abstract. This work is devoted to improving the quality of engineering design solutions in mechanical engineering on the basis of the comprehensive qualimetric evaluation of ‘shaft’-type part that takes into account cost, complexity, design and technological unification of the parts.


Author(s):  
Kinda Al Sayed ◽  
Peter C H. Cheng ◽  
Alan Penn

Abstract This paper presents a preliminary study into the spatial features that can be used to distinguish creativity andefficiency in design layouts, and the distinct pattern of cognitive and metacognitive activity that is associated with creative design. In a design experiment, a group of 12 architects were handed a design brief. Their drawing activity was recorded and they were required to externalize their thoughts during the design process. Both design solutions and verbal comments were analysed and modelled. A separate group of experienced architects used their expert knowledge to assign creativity and efficiency scores to the 12 design solutions. The design solutions were evaluated spatially. Protocol analysis studies including linkography and macroscopic analysis were used to discern distinctive patterns in the cognitive and metacognition activity of designs marked with the highest and least creativity scores. Entropy models of the linkographs and knowledge graphs were further introduced Finally, we assessed how creativity and efficiency correlates to experiment variables, cognitive activity, metacognitive activity, spatial and functional distribution of spaces in the design solutions, and the number and type of design constraints applied through the course of design. Through this investigation, we suggest that expert knowledge can be used to assess creativity and efficiency in designs. Our findings indicate that efficient layouts have distinct spatial features, and that cognitive and metacognitive activity in design that yields a highly creative outcome corresponds to higher frequencies of design moves and higher linkages between design moves.


Author(s):  
Alessandro Di Pretoro ◽  
Matteo Fedeli ◽  
Flavia Ciranna ◽  
Xavier Joulia ◽  
Ludovic Montastruc ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
pp. 68-95
Author(s):  
Syed Qaseem Ali ◽  
Geza Joos ◽  
Chu Sun

Integrated battery chargers (IBCs) have been proposed as a low-weight, low-volume, and high-power solution to conventional conductive chargers. However, the design of such chargers is complicated, requiring special components or control techniques to solve inherent issues (such as galvanic isolation, torque generation, and system reconfiguration) associated with their design. Solutions vary based on charging power, drive topology, and motor technology. This chapter introduces designs for IBCs, including solutions as proposed in the literature. It also presents challenges in their industrial adoption. Finally, the chapter presents opportunities for fleet charging applications using IBCs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
V.N. Negoda ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kulikova ◽  

Currently, a large number of studies are being carried out on the use of ontologies in the development of automated sys-tems. Ontological modeling improves the efficiency of the software development process. The division of labor in the development of automated systems contributes to the appearance of semantic gaps between the phases of the design process. The practice of using a wide range of reusable design artifacts is a risk factor for violation of conceptual integ-rity, consistency and completeness of the developed design solutions. The article proposes a new approach to ontologi-cal modeling of automated systems, which serves the design process for their development at all stages of design up to implementation; and a new structure of metadata of ontological specifications of automated systems, which allows tak-ing into account semantically important entities and features of the system being developed. It is shown that the use of this approach significantly reduces labor costs in the design of a complex automated system in the face of changing re-quirements at different stages of system creation. The use of ontological models in the design process helps to increase the conceptual integrity, consistency and completeness of the developed design solutions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Skinner ◽  
Virginia McClurg ◽  
Margaret Crewdson ◽  
Mari Beth Coleman ◽  
Jade Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Doni Abdul Fatah ◽  
Rifky Maulana Yusron ◽  
Irma Dila Febrianti

Banyak sistem e-commerce dibangun yang ada berfokus pada bisnis, dengan fitur beragam namun tanpa melibatkan pengguna, sehingga belum tentu akan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna baik dari segi antar muka, usability, dan fitur yang ada, informasi yang disajikan, dan beberapa alur proses yang digunakan, karena faktor-faktor tersebut sehingga membuat user dapat juga merasakan kesulitan atau furtasi dalam menggunakan aplikasi tersebut, sehingga menjadi penyebab menurunnya produktifitas pengguna. Sehingga solusinya adalah dengan membuat aplikasi e-commerce yang mudah digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dengan metode User-Center Design (UCD) diimplementasikan pada UKM Komoditas pangan lokal Madura diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam mempermudah proses jual beli serta dapat meningkatkan persaingan bisnis untuk memasarkan berbagai macam produk atau jasa. Penerapan metode UCD menggunakan empat proses Specify the context of use, Specify User and Organizational Requirements, Produce Design Solutions dan Evaluate designs against user requirements. Untuk pengujiannya dilakukan menggunakan Functionality dengan metode black box, untuk usability menggunakan USE Queissionaire skala Likert 1 s.d 7 dengan 30 pertayaan, pengujian dilakukan dengan melibatkan pengguna sebanyak 10 orang terdiri 5 pelaku usaha dan 5 calon konsumen, hasil pengujian Functionality menunjukan hasil bagus karena sistem bekerja sesuai dengan fungsinya tanpa ada kendala, sedangkan pengujian usability USE Queissionaire pada  front end mendapat nilai Usefulness 6.075, Ease of Use 6.236, Ease of Learning 6.30, dan Satisfaction 6.485, sedangkan pengujian pada back end untuk Usefulness 6.475, Ease of Use 6.563, Ease of Learning 6.60, dan Satisfaction 6.542, sehingga sistem secara umum baik karena masih berada pada nilai rata-rata 6 ke atas.


Author(s):  
Mykola M. Tkachuk ◽  
Mariia Saverska ◽  
Andrey Grabovskiy ◽  
Serhii Kutsenko

New design solutions, technologies and materials are required to improve tactical and technical characteristics of military equipment. Often this implies operation in such conditions as contact interaction and elasto-plastic deformations of materials. New models and research methods are developed for better utilization of modern materials and improved performance of military equipment. They account directly for complex physical and structural nonlinearities. The properties of conventional and novel materials are determined both in bulk and on surfaces at microstructural level. This will enable physically adequate and mathematically correct analysis of stress-strain state. The new advanced design solutions will emerge through the objective-driven search by means of parametric modeling. The project will extend traditional local problem statements with newly developed variational principles that account for structural and physical nonlinearity and are suitable for parameterization. This will create the basis for fundamental analysis of torsion bar suspensions, hydrovolumetric and gear drives and other crucial components of combat vehicles, engineering solutions for domestic manufacturers of military equipment that will bring their tactical and technical characteristics to highest modern standards. Keywords: contact interaction; stress-strain state; intermediate layer; contact pressure; contact area; plastic deformation


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Marina V. Zimina ◽  
Anastasia P. Gruzdeva ◽  
Lyubov′ L. Chagina

The article analyses the existing methods of studying the characteristics of bending stiffness. Topicality of improving the methodology for assessing and predicting bending stiffness in relation to the operating conditions of the studied contingent of consumers is substantiated. The methodology includes two main stages – an experimental study of the stiffness characteristics taking into account the characteristics of the range under study and a stage of forecasting the design solutions of the product. Comprehensive experimen-tal studies of the bending characteristics of modern fabrics of the jacket assortment for adaptive clothing of people with motor disabilities have been carried out. For an objective assessment of wear during use, the proposed method implements an additional forced bending of samples in opposite directions in order to bring the test results closer to real operating conditions. The results of experimental studies can be used at the design stage to predict the bending characteristics of the fabrics of the jacket assortment of clothing for people with motor disabilities.


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