Assessment of Mangrove Carbon Stocks in Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of Congo (RoC) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Including their Potential for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)

2014 ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon N. Ajonina ◽  
James Kairo ◽  
Gabriel Grimsditch ◽  
Thomas Sembres ◽  
George Chuyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals Presidential Tenure and Constitutional Provisions: Recent Evidence from Central Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dawson ◽  
Daniel J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional Factor

Constitutions around Africa have been repeatedly tested on the issue of presidential term limits. We explore the four most recent cases of African presidents facing the end of their constitutionally mandated limit, all of which developed in Central Africa. Burundi, Rwanda, the Republic of Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo all adopted constitutions limiting presidential tenure to two terms; yet, in 2015, when these limits were approaching, none of the sitting presidents simply stood down. Our analysis focuses on the constitutional provisions meant to protect the two-term limit, the strategies employed by each of the four presidents, and the difficulty they faced in pursuing extended tenure. We find that constitutional provisions do constrain, but not always to the expected degree. Our analysis adds a consideration of a foundational constitutional factor to the growing literature on term limits in Africa, with implications for other regions of newly developing democracies.

South Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Independent Country

South Sudan is situated in north-eastern Africa bordered by Sudan, Ethiopia, Central Africa Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Kenya. It is 619,745 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 12.58 million. South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011, making it the most recently recognized independent country. South Sudan, which is officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, comprises the three former southern provinces of Bahr el Ghazal, Equatoria, and Upper Nile in their boundaries as they stood on 1 January 1956 and the Abyei Area, as defined by the Abyei Arbitration Tribunal Award of July 2009. The capital of South Sudan is Juba.

scholarly journals Competing Tenures: Implications for REDD+ in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Samndong ◽  
Arild Vatn
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Forest Law

The capacity of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) forests to sequestrate carbon has attracted interest from the international community to protect forests for carbon storage and alleviate rural poverty by establishing REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). Using information gathered from interviews, focus groups, field observations, and policy document analysis, this paper demonstrates that REDD+ is not well adapted to the institutional structures of forest governance in the DRC, including both statutory and customary tenure. The lack of harmonization between these systems has created a situation of competition between state and customary authorities. This has created opportunities for powerful actors to ‘shop’ between the two systems to attempt to legitimize their expanded use and control over forest resources. As the REDD+ process evolves from the preparation to the implementation phase, competing institutional structures may negatively impact the effectiveness of REDD+, as well as the distribution of costs and benefits. While the newly enacted community forest law provides an opportunity to recognize customary rights to forestland, the lack of functional local government at the district and village levels has prompted REDD+ pilot project organizers to establish new village organizations for REDD+.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Cholera in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo and the global picture

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Ann Kelvin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Significant Mortality

Cholera is an acute intestinal disease caused by infection of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium.  Often manifested as a constant diarrhoeal disease, Cholera is associated with significant mortality as well as economic loss due to the strain on health care.  Cholera often affects nations with lower economic status.  The recent outbreak of cholera in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo has affected thousands of people.  Here we review the past cholera epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of the bacterium, and the political and environmental aspects that affect the treatment and eradication of this disease.

Colonialism in West Central Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Bernault
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Republic ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The article considers a large region comprising Chad, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Equatorial Guinea.1 From the 1880s onwards, Central Africa was colonized by Spanish, French, German, Belgian, and Portuguese powers. Here Africans generally suffered a harsher kind of rule than in West Africa, as colonialism brought little capital and investments, and imposed brutal forms of extractive economy. Foreign powers, moreover, proved reluctant to dialogue with African elites. Yet, the colonial era was also a moment when Central Africans initiated radical political revolutions and capacious social changes, achieving independence in the 1960s and 1970s. Throughout the period under consideration, moreover, important cultural creations in the form of music, popular painting, photography, and fashion became influential in the rest of Africa and beyond.

scholarly journals Reptilia, Amphisbaenidae, Monopeltis schoutedeni de Witte, 1933: first record from Gabon, with an updated key to Gabonese worm lizards

Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier S. G. Pauwels ◽  
Jean-Louis Albert ◽  
Georges L. Lenglet
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
First Record ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The amphisbaenian Monopeltis schoutedeni is reported for the first time from Gabon based on a single individual from the extreme southeastern part of the country. The species was formerly known only from the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is the 4th amphisbaenian and the 123rd reptile species recorded from Gabon. An identification key to Gabon amphisbaenians is provided.

Description of a new species of Labeo (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the lower Congo River

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1224 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SINASELI M. TSHIBWABWA ◽  
MELANIE L.J. STIASSNY ◽  
ROBERT C. SCHELLY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Congo River ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The Republic ◽  
A New Species

A new labeonine cyprinid, Labeo fulakariensis, is described from material recently collected in rapids on the lower Congo River near the mouth of the Foulakari River, a large north bank tributary, in the Republic of Congo, and from the Yelala rapids in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The new species is readily distinguished from other Congolese Labeo except L. greenii and L. reidi by the following combination of characters: plicate lips, characteristic striping of the flanks, and a dark spot on the base of the caudal peduncle. Labeo fulakariensis is distinguished from L. greenii by dorsal fin shape and snout without a deep transverse furrow or upwardly directed fleshy anterior appendage, and from L. reidi by the position of the eyes, the circumpeduncular scale count (16 vs 17 to 20 in L. reidi) and maxillary barbels hidden and smaller than in L. reidi.

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