Missing comparisons and group decisions

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Matteo Brunelli
Keyword(s):  
Group Decisions

Perceptions of Group Decision Rules and Group Decisions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Miller ◽  
Yohsuke Ohtsubo
Keyword(s):  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Group Decisions

Frames in Context: Comparing Technology-Mediated and Face-to-Face Group Decisions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Handgraaf ◽  
Philip Schuette ◽  
Nicole Yoskowitz ◽  
Elke Weber ◽  
Kerry Milch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Decisions ◽  
Face To Face

scholarly journals Democracy in animals: the evolution of shared group decisions

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1623) ◽  
pp. 2317-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Conradt ◽  
T.J Roper
Keyword(s):  
Group Decisions

scholarly journals Group decisions based on confidence weighted majority voting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Meyen ◽  
Dorothee M. B. Sigg ◽  
Ulrike von Luxburg ◽  
Volker H. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Group Decisions ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Weighted Majority ◽  
Real Group ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Weighted Majority Voting

Abstract Background It has repeatedly been reported that, when making decisions under uncertainty, groups outperform individuals. Real groups are often replaced by simulated groups: Instead of performing an actual group discussion, individual responses are aggregated by a numerical computation. While studies have typically used unweighted majority voting (MV) for this aggregation, the theoretically optimal method is confidence weighted majority voting (CWMV)—if independent and accurate confidence ratings from the individual group members are available. To determine which simulations (MV vs. CWMV) reflect real group processes better, we applied formal cognitive modeling and compared simulated group responses to real group responses. Results Simulated group decisions based on CWMV matched the accuracy of real group decisions, while simulated group decisions based on MV showed lower accuracy. CWMV predicted the confidence that groups put into their group decisions well. However, real groups treated individual votes to some extent more equally weighted than suggested by CWMV. Additionally, real groups tend to put lower confidence into their decisions compared to CWMV simulations. Conclusion Our results highlight the importance of taking individual confidences into account when simulating group decisions: We found that real groups can aggregate individual confidences in a way that matches statistical aggregations given by CWMV to some extent. This implies that research using simulated group decisions should use CWMV instead of MV as a benchmark to compare real groups to.

Group Effects on Individual Inferences

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Marcia Guttentag ◽  
Gloria Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Group Decisions ◽  
Normative Model ◽  
Conformity Effect ◽  
Group Effects

Group effects on individual inferences were studied to determine whether risky shifts in individual judgments would follow group decisions. Ss were asked to make likelihood ratio estimations in a non-cumulative condition and cumulative odds estimates in another condition. Ss were either in individual followed by group conditions or the reverse. Both natural and ad hoc 5-person groups were used. The normative model provided by Bayes' theorem was used to examine groups with effects on individual judgments. Natural and ad hoc groups did not differ. Noncumulative likelihood-ratio groups were veridical compared with the normative model. Although cumulative odds group were conservative in their judgments, no systematic shifts in a risky or conservative direction were found for either task. The group had an anchoring or conformity effect on later judgments of individuals, but this effect was not in the direction of veridicality.

Effect of Group Variability on Pooled Group Decisions

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard E. Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Group Decision ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Group Decisions

A probability dispersion model for assessing the effect of variability of knowledge within a group on accuracy of a pooled group decision demonstrates that: (a) the more heterogeneous the group, the more accurate the pooling result for groups whose members possess a knowledge level greater than .50, (b) the variability of the group makes no difference in the pooling result for groups whose members possess a knowledge level of exactly .50, and (c) the more homogeneous the group, the more accurate the pooling result for groups whose members possess a knowledge level lower than .50.

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