Karst Environment and Phenomena

2015 ◽  
pp. 19-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Stevanović
Keyword(s):  
Karst Environment

scholarly journals The reference genome and transcriptome of the limestone langur, Trachypithecus leucocephalus, reveal expansion of genes related to alkali tolerance

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengcheng Que ◽  
Huifeng Wang ◽  
Weifei Yang ◽  
Jianbao Wu ◽  
Chenyang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Trachypithecus Leucocephalus ◽  
Karst Environment ◽  
Alkali Tolerance ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Trachypithecus leucocephalus, the white-headed langur, is a critically endangered primate that is endemic to the karst mountains in the southern Guangxi province of China. Studying the genomic and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying its local adaptation could help explain its persistence within a highly specialized ecological niche. Results In this study, we used PacBio sequencing and optical assembly and Hi-C analysis to create a high-quality de novo assembly of the T. leucocephalus genome. Annotation and functional enrichment revealed many genes involved in metabolism, transport, and homeostasis, and almost all of the positively selected genes were related to mineral ion binding. The transcriptomes of 12 tissues from three T. leucocephalus individuals showed that the great majority of genes involved in mineral absorption and calcium signaling were expressed, and their gene families were significantly expanded. For example, FTH1 primarily functions in iron storage and had 20 expanded copies. Conclusions These results increase our understanding of the evolution of alkali tolerance and other traits necessary for the persistence of T. leucocephalus within an ecologically unique limestone karst environment.

scholarly journals Quantifying temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity in rainfall recharge thresholds in a montane karst environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 594 ◽  
pp. 125965
Author(s):  
Andy Baker ◽  
Mirjam Scheller ◽  
Fabio Oriani ◽  
Gregoire Mariethoz ◽  
Andreas Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Karst Environment ◽  
Rainfall Recharge

scholarly journals Flood history in the karst environment of Castellana-Grotte (Apulia, southern Italy)

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parise
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Karst Environment ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Town

Abstract. Karst environments are characterized by peculiar hydrologic features, and in particular by a very limited, if not absent, surface hydrography. Water tends to infiltrate rapidly underground through the complex network of fractures and karstic conduits in the rock mass. However, on the occasion of concentrated rainfall, as well as in case of prolonged precipitation, such network might not be able to allow flowing of large amounts of water, which causes the occurrence of floods. This contribution illustrates the flood history in a classical karst area of Southern Italy, the town of Castellana-Grotte, in Apulia. The oldest part of the town lies at the bottom of a karst valley, which was hit by many flood events in the last centuries. More than twenty of these are here documented, starting from critical analysis of existing publications and documents, integrated with additional historical researches. Aimed at reconstructing the flood history at Castellana-Grotte, the best-documented events are described, together with the main factors, which played a role in distribution and gravity of the related damage. Eventually some engineering works realized during the first decades of the last century, in order to avoid further damage on the occasion of catastrophic floods, are also described.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico físico-conservacionista do ambiente cárstico da bacia do córrego Cana-brava, Aurora do Tocantins (TO, Brasil) / Physical diagnostic-conservationist of karstic environment of watershed Cana-brava river, Aurora do Tocantins (TO, Brasil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (52) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Zuleide Alves Ferreira ◽  
Fernando De Morais
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Karst Environment ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Physical Degradation ◽  
Karst Terrains ◽  
Karstic Environment

<p>Atualmente, é possível constatar um crescente aumento da degradação do meio, o qual está relacionado ao desenvolvimento das atividades humanas. Os terrenos cársticos são ambientes muito frágeis, isso porque o sistema hidrológico cárstico é altamente vulnerável à poluição em decorrência de suas características físicas de drenagem predominantemente vertical e ausência de camadas que filtram a água antes de sua chegada aos aquíferos. Diante disso, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em realizar, mediante adaptações necessárias, o diagnóstico físico-conservacionista do ambiente cárstico da bacia do córrego Cana-brava, inserida nos municípios de Aurora do Tocantins e Lavandeira, visando contribuir para um melhor conhecimento do carste no estado do Tocantins, além de servir como suporte à elaboração de diretrizes e estratégias de ação voltadas à preservação ambiental da área de estudo. A metodologia do diagnóstico físico-conservacionista busca diagnosticar a situação real em que se encontram os recursos naturais renováveis em um determinado espaço geográfico e fornece indicativos concretos para o manejo e uso racional de recursos naturais renováveis da bacia hidrográfica. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa apontam a eficiência no uso da metodologia do diagnóstico físico-conservacionista para o ambiente cárstico, uma vez que esta atendeu ao objetivo proposto que consistiu em mensurar o potencial de degradação física de uma bacia hidrográfica, mesmo estando situada em um ambiente cárstico.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> carste, degradação ambiental, bacia hidrográfica.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Currently it is possible to note a growing increase in the degradation of the environment, which is mainly related to the development of human activities. The karst terrains are environments very fragile, because the hydrological karstic system is highly vulnerable to pollution, due to its physical characteristics of drainage predominantly vertical and absence of layers that filter the water before their arrival to aquifers. In addition, the main objective of this work was to be done through necessary adjustments, the physical diagnostic-conservationist of karstic environment of watershed Cana-brava river, in the municipalities of Aurora do Tocantins and Lavandeira, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of karst in the State of Tocantins, in addition to serving as a support for the development of guidelines and strategies for action targeted at the environmental preservation of the study area. The methodology of physical diagnostic-conservationist (DFC) search diagnose the actual situation of renewable natural resources in a given geographical area and provides concrete indicative for the management and rational use of renewable natural resources of the watershed. The results obtained in this study indicate that the efficiency in the use of the methodology of physical diagnostic-conservationist for the karstic environment, once this methodology has met the objective proposed that consisted in measuring the potential of physical degradation of a watershed, although it is located in a karst environment.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> karst, environmental degradation, watershed.</p>

Marine Karst Environment Characterization Using Jointly Seismic Imaging, Marine ERT and Geotechnical Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Flamme ◽  
P. Tarits ◽  
A. Lepot ◽  
R. Isorna ◽  
M. Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Geotechnical Data ◽  
Karst Environment

scholarly journals Determination of inundation areas within karst poljes and intermittent lakes for the purposes of ephemeral flood mapping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Ravbar ◽  
Cyril Mayaud ◽  
Matej Blatnik ◽  
Metka Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Karst Environment ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
National Networks ◽  
Specific Definition

AbstractThe karst environment presents a special challenge when it comes to identifying groundwater/surface-water interactions. Existing definitions of areas of regular flooding in karst regions are too general and lack a measurable approach for the determination of flood-liable land. This paper proposes a means of specific definition and quantitative determination of intermittently flooded karst areas, which takes into account the extent, duration and frequency of flooding, and includes the identification of data sources and processing methods. The procedure, involving spatial layers, was developed using a pilot area and tested in three additional areas in Slovenia. The derived definition determines that flood-liable land within karst poljes and intermittent lakes comprise areas where stagnant water or stream overflow is present for at least 10 days/year over a period of 30 years, and these waters have direct contact with groundwater. The results show that the proposed procedure is applicable to areas with different geomorphological settings and to areas where the quantity and quality of available data vary. The study is an example of the practical application of knowledge on karst, as the findings can be used for short-term purposes (mapping flood areas, determination of habitats) and long-term purposes (study of impacts of environmental changes). Attention should be drawn to the lack of available data and the fact that the national networks of hydrological observatories are often too sparse for this purpose. This study raises awareness of these shortcomings and improves the planning or expansion of such a network in collaboration with experts.

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