scholarly journals Determination of inundation areas within karst poljes and intermittent lakes for the purposes of ephemeral flood mapping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Ravbar ◽  
Cyril Mayaud ◽  
Matej Blatnik ◽  
Metka Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Karst Environment ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
National Networks ◽  
Specific Definition

AbstractThe karst environment presents a special challenge when it comes to identifying groundwater/surface-water interactions. Existing definitions of areas of regular flooding in karst regions are too general and lack a measurable approach for the determination of flood-liable land. This paper proposes a means of specific definition and quantitative determination of intermittently flooded karst areas, which takes into account the extent, duration and frequency of flooding, and includes the identification of data sources and processing methods. The procedure, involving spatial layers, was developed using a pilot area and tested in three additional areas in Slovenia. The derived definition determines that flood-liable land within karst poljes and intermittent lakes comprise areas where stagnant water or stream overflow is present for at least 10 days/year over a period of 30 years, and these waters have direct contact with groundwater. The results show that the proposed procedure is applicable to areas with different geomorphological settings and to areas where the quantity and quality of available data vary. The study is an example of the practical application of knowledge on karst, as the findings can be used for short-term purposes (mapping flood areas, determination of habitats) and long-term purposes (study of impacts of environmental changes). Attention should be drawn to the lack of available data and the fact that the national networks of hydrological observatories are often too sparse for this purpose. This study raises awareness of these shortcomings and improves the planning or expansion of such a network in collaboration with experts.

scholarly journals Determination of NPS Pollutant Unit Loads from Different Landuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7193
Author(s):  
Jiyeon Choi ◽  
Baekyung Park ◽  
Jinsun Kim ◽  
Soyoung Lee ◽  
Jichul Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study aimed to estimate pollutant unit loads for different landuses and pollutants that reflected long-term runoff characteristics of nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants and recent environmental changes. During 2008–2014, 2026 rainfall events were monitored. The average values of antecedent dry days, total rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, runoff duration, and runoff coefficient for each landuse were 3.8–5.9 d, 35.2–65.0 mm, 2.9–4.1 mm/h, 12.5–20.4 h, 12.4–27.9 h, and 0.24–0.45, respectively. Uplands (UL) exhibited high suspended solids (SS, 606.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (TN, 7.38 mg/L), and total phosphorous (TP, 2.27 mg/L) levels, whereas the runoff coefficient was high in the building sites (BS), with a high impervious surface ratio. The event mean concentration (EMC) for biological oxygen demand (BOD) was the highest in BS (8.0 mg/L), while the EMC was the highest in BS (in the rainfall range <10 mm) and UL and forest land (in the rainfall range >50 mm). The unit loads for BOD (1.49–17.76 kg/km2·d), TN (1.462–10.147 kg/km2·d), TP (0.094–1.435 kg/km2·d), and SS (15.20–327.70 kg/km2·d) were calculated. The findings can be used to manage NPS pollutants and watershed environments and implement relevant associated management systems.

Determination of Long-Term Stability and Quality of HT-PEM MEAs

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
pp. 301-314
Author(s):  
Maren Rastedt ◽  
Julian Büsselmann ◽  
Tomas Klicpera ◽  
Karsten Reinwald ◽  
Nadine Pilinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

Surface-groundwater interactions in karst: overview, concept and mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Ravbar ◽  
Cyril Mayaud ◽  
Matej Blatnik ◽  
Metka Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Ecohydrological Processes

&lt;p&gt;Under special meteorological and hydrological circumstances, shallow karst areas and karst poljes may experience surface water overflow. As a result, surface- groundwater interaction occurs usually creating intermittent lakes. Although human settlements and activities have traditionally adapted to these natural conditions, extensive temporary floods are classified among the most common natural disasters in karst. On the other hand, intermittent lakes are considered as natural reservoirs of excess recharge and good flood regulators in the lower parts of river basins. Due to specific ecohydrological processes and environmental conditions, these areas host unique wetland ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity and provide various ecosystem services, such as ecological productivity, photosynthesis and carbon storage. Given the dynamic nature of hydrological processes in karst aquifers, a distinctive feature of the phenomena described is its high variability of occurrence and duration. Therefore, the identification, characterization as well as the determination of the spatial dimension of flood levels is a challenging task. Focusing on the Slovenian karst, a literature review and analysis of topographical and hydrological data of the selected study areas was conducted. The hydrological analyses were based on long-term monitoring data from Slovenian Environmental Agency and partly on the authors' own database of field measurements and knowledge of the areas concerned. Consequently, the conceptual framework and the key criterion for the determination and recording of areas subject to temporary flooding were developed. A systematic survey reveals the significance of the extent, duration and frequency of flooding. Evaluation results are useful to designers of various water policies and management mechanisms for flood mitigation and protection of special habitats. Observing trends in the spatial and temporal dynamics of flood levels is also valuable for understanding how and to what extent karst aquifers are vulnerable to environmental changes. Finally, the analyses also enable prediction of the effects of these changes on other parts of the environment (e.g., hydrophilic habitats).&lt;/p&gt;

Left renal vein stenting: indications, disputable points, immediate and long-term results

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
A. Е. Vasiliev ◽  
О. В. Zhukov ◽  
V. Е. Sinitsyn ◽  
A. N. Sulima
Keyword(s):  
Renal Vein ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Significant Compression

The article presents the results of stenting of the left renal vein in 35 patients with proven hemodynamically significant compression of the vein in “aorto-mesenteric tweezers”. Clinical manifestations of lesions of the left renal vein are very diverse, and pathogenetic mechanisms remain not fully understood. Therefore, the determination of indications for stenting and perfect technical performance are predictors of success in the near and long-term periods of postoperative follow-up. Our experience in stenting the left renal vein demonstrates the possibility of achieving intraoperative technical success in 100 % of cases, as well as a significant improvement in the quality of life in most patients after endovascular intervention, due to a significant reduction in the clinical manifestations of the pathological phenomenon. 

scholarly journals Characterization of PM10 Sampled on the Top of a Former Mining Tower by the High-Volume Wind Direction-Dependent Sampler Using INNA

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Irena Pavlíková ◽  
Daniel Hladký ◽  
Oldřich Motyka ◽  
Konstantin N. Vergel ◽  
Ludmila P. Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Health Quality Of Life

The PM10 concentrations in the studied region (Ostravsko-karvinská agglomeration, Czech Republic) exceed air pollution limit values in the long-term and pose a significant problem for human health, quality of life and the environment. In order to characterize the pollution in the region and identify the pollution origin, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was employed for determination of 34 elements in PM10 samples collected at a height of 90 m above ground level. From April 2018 to March 2019, 111 PM10 samples from eight basic wind directions and calm and two smog situations were sampled. The elemental composition significantly varied depending on season and sampling conditions. The contribution of three important industrial sources (iron and steelworks, cement works) was identified, and the long-range cross-border transport representing the pollution from the Polish domestic boilers confirmed the most important pollution inflow during the winter season.

scholarly journals Honey as an indicator of long-term environmental changes: MP-AES analysis coupled with 14C-based age determination of Hungarian honey samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 139686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Varga ◽  
Zsófi Sajtos ◽  
Zita Gajdos ◽  
A.J. Timothy Jull ◽  
Mihály Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Age Determination

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metals in Locally Available Chocolates in Lahore Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1153
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad ◽  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman Baloch ◽  
Aoun Raza
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Chronic Effects

Heavy metal toxicity can either be acute or chronic effects. Long-term exposure of the body to heavy metal can progressively lead to muscular, physical and neurological degenerative process. In this research, a total of 30 representative chocolate samples were collected from local shops and markets in Lahore. All the samples were analysed to assess the levels of Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore. It was observed that the majority of chocolate samples contain heavy metals levels higher than the permissible limits as recommended by Punjab Food Rules (PFR) 2011. The levels of Pb ranged between 0.375 and 3.4 mg/kg with 90% samples having concentrations exceeding PFR allowable limit (0.5 mg/kg). Whereas, Ni concentrations varied from 0.005 to 0.28 mg/kg and 80% samples were above the PFR limit (0.025 mg/kg). Further, Cr levels analysed between 0.005 to 0.28 mg/kg and 53% samples had Cr concentrations higher than PFR limit (0.02 mg/kg). Similarly, Cd levels were observed between 0.50-3.25 mg/kg with 53% samples having Cd concentrations exceeding the PFR limit (1.0 mg/kg). Investigation indicates that the quality of available chocolates is not recommendable for eating because of the higher concentrations of toxic heavy metals.

scholarly journals Assessment of deciduous trees state and phyllophagous composition in Yoshkar-Ola

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Nina Valeryevna Turmuhametova
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Emissions

This paper presents the results of long-term observations of the state of plantations of Betula pendula Roth and Tilia cordata Mill. in Yoshkar-Ola. Assessment of trees state was carried out by morphological analysis of the leaf blade, since the plants assimilation organs are most exposed to atmospheric toxicants, attacks of insects and pathogenic microorganisms. Based on the assumption that pollutants affect directly phytophages or through the forage resource, the species composition of the phyllophagous insects and mites was studied in the gradient of the increase in industrial transport emissions. Morphological changes in leaves and an increase in the area of damage in the pollution gradient are described. In this case, the area of the leaf blade can both increase in B. pendula , and decrease in T. cordata . Determination of the arachnoentomological material and the establishment of herbivorous insects and mites for characteristic lesions made it possible to describe in the crowns of B. pendula 84 dendrobiotic species, T. cordata - 100 species. Among the phyllophagous there are gnawing and sucking leaves, miners and gall producers. The representatives of Coleoptera predominate. Under environmental conditions, the proportion of arthropods that are monophages and form protective devices increases. Under the conditions of the urban ecosystem, a decrease in the variety of phyllophages was revealed, but an increase in the relative abundance of the most protected species Aphidoidae (Homoptera), Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Eriophyidae (Acarina). The calculation of the number of insects per unit volume of the crown was carried out. As a bioindicative indicator of the quality of habitat, it is suggested to use the state of tree leaves, the diversity and relative abundance of insects and mites of phyllophages.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Urbanization on Geoenvironmental Settings Using Geospatial Techniques: A Study of Panchkula District, Haryana

Geographies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shruti Kanga ◽  
Suraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Gowhar Meraj ◽  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Ruby Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization is an unavoidable process of social and economic growth in modern times. However, the speed with which urbanization is taking place produces complex environmental changes. It has affected the surface albedo and roughness of the soil, thereby modulating hydrological and ecological systems, which in turn has affected regional and local climate systems. In developing countries of South Asia, rampant and unplanned urbanization has created a complex system of adverse environmental scenarios. Similar is the case in India. The state of the urban environment across India is degrading so quickly that the long-term sustainability of its cities is endangered. Many metropolitan cities in India are witnessing the harmful impacts of urbanization on their land ecology. In this context, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) based assessments provide a comprehensive and effective analysis of the rate and the impact of urbanization. The present study focuses on understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban growth and its implications on the geomorphology of the Panchkula District, Haryana, one of the fastest-growing urban centers in India. The study links the changes in land use/land cover (LULC) with the changing geomorphology of the study area using satellite remote sensing and GIS. The results showed that between 1980 and 2020, agricultural (+73.71%), built-up (+84.66%), and forest (+4.07%) classes of land increased in contrast to that of the fallow land (−76.80%) and riverbed (−50.86%) classes that have decreased in spatial extents. It has been observed that the hill geomorphological class had decreased in the area owing to conversion to industrial and built-up activities. Assessment of the environmental quality of cities involves multiple disciplines that call for a significant amount of scientific evaluation and strong decision making, and the present study shall lay down the baseline analysis of the impact of changing LULC on the geomorphological setup of the selected urban center.

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