scholarly journals A Conflict Tolerant Logic of Explicit Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-144
Author(s):  
Thomas Studer
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Justification Logic ◽  
Epistemic Modal ◽  
Epistemic Reasoning ◽  
Basic Properties

Standard epistemic modal logic is unable to adequately deal with the FrauchigerRenner paradox in quantum physics. We introduce a novel justification logic CTJ, in which the paradox can be formalized without leading to an inconsistency. Still CTJ is strong enough to model traditional epistemic reasoning. Our logic tolerates two different pieces of evidence such that one piece justifies a proposition and the other piece justifies the negation of that proposition. However, our logic disallows one piece of evidence to justify both a proposition and its negation. We present syntax and semantics for CTJ and discuss its basic properties. Then we give an example of epistemic reasoning in CTJ that illustrates how the different principles of CTJ interact. We continue with the formalization of the Frauchiger–Renner thought experiment and discuss it in detail. Further, we add a trust axiom to CTJ and again discuss epistemic reasoning and the paradox in this extended setting.

A Production Rule-Based Framework for Causal and Epistemic Reasoning

2012 ◽  
pp. 120-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Patkos ◽  
Abdelghani Chibani ◽  
Dimitris Plexousakis ◽  
Yacine Amirat
Keyword(s):  
Production Rule ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Epistemic Reasoning

Metaethical cognition and epistemic reasoning development in adolescence

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Krettenauer
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Epistemic Cognition ◽  
School Students ◽  
Epistemic Reasoning ◽  
Moral Domain ◽  
Epistemic Stances

The present study investigates whether epistemic cognition in moral domain (dubbed metaethical cognition) develops analogously to epistemic reasoning regarding empirical knowledge. The study’s conceptual framework distinguishes two main areas of metaethical cognition (beliefs about the nature of moral judgments and conceptions of the process of moral judgment formation), and three metaethical stances (intuitionism, subjectivism, and transsubjectivism). In a sample of 200 adolescents ( M 1/4 16.18 years, SD 1/4 2.41), these metaethical stances could be reliably identified by means of a semistructured interview procedure. Adolescents’ metaethical stance was related to age, cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally. Furthermore, significant differences in metaethical cognition were found between high school students and an expert group of university students with special training in moral philosophy. Overall, metaethical and epistemic stances were correlated substantially. Findings demonstrate that metaethical reasoning development is a structural analogue of epistemic development regarding factual knowledge. Implications for studies on moral development and for research addressing the domain specificity of epistemic reasoning development are discussed.

scholarly journals INDAHNYA PERBEDAAN HUKUM DALAM TRADISI MEMUKUL “KENTONGAN” (Telaah Kritis Kitab Sharĥ Hazz al-Raús Fī Radd al-Jāsús Karya Kiai Muhammad Faqih Maskumambang)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Wasid Wasid
Keyword(s):  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Epistemic Reasoning ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Law ◽  
Local Traditions

The scientific traditions of Islamic boarding schools in the archipelago or Nusantara have very unique characters because they are based on a very strong yellow book reference. In addition, Islamic boarding schools have become accustomed to interacting with differences of opinion, especially in responsing to laws regarding certain local traditions that develop in traditional Muslim environments. Various works have been produced in response to local traditional law with different issues. One of them is the work of KH. Muhammad Faqih Maskumambang Gresik entitled Sharĥ Hazz al-Raús Fī Radd al-Jāsús, a book that reveals the debate about the author with KH. Hasyim Asy'ari Jombang has to do with the traditional law of hitting Kentongan. The debate between the two senior figures of the pesantren and NU has given rise to noble traditions, namely even though they differ in the frame of mutual respect. His article only reveals the question of how epistemic reasoning used by Kiai Faqih Maskumambang and Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari in understanding the text of the Qur'an and hadith, as well as how the comments of the flu are related to the tradition of hitting the Kentongan ahead or after the adhan as a sign of entering prayer. Even though the arguments used are the same, only the conclusions of understanding give birth to very basic differences; a difference that describes local fiqh that is unique, and serious at the same time. The rest of the two remained together in difference. Together in NU and the Aswaja Islamic tradition, it is different because both have conclusions that are not the same in establishing the law of hitting kentongan.

scholarly journals Extracting Latent Beliefs and using Epistemic Reasoning to Tailor a Chatbot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sangroya ◽  
C. Anantaram ◽  
Pratik Saini ◽  
Mrinal Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Epistemic Reasoning ◽  
Opinion Analysis

During dialog with a customer for addressing his/her complaint the chatbot may pose questions or observations based on its underlying model. Sometimes the questions or observations posed may not be relevant given the nature of complaint and the current set of beliefs that the customer holds. In this paper we present a framework to build conversation system that addresses customer complaints in a meaningful manner using domain understanding, opinion analysis and epistemic reasoning. Extraction of latent beliefs assists in performing epistemic reasoning to maintain a meaningful conversation with the customer.

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