differences of opinion
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2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Michael Jibrael Rorong ◽  
Zuhdi Arman ◽  
Dedi Epriadi

Students and Students are a place for students' aspirations to express their creativity. OSIS is formed based on the decision of the principal of the school which has a management body. Students who are involved in the OSIS management body must pass several criteria and requirements, including having communication skills and having a leadership spirit. Communication has a strong influence in shaping a person's attitude and leadership style in an organization. Students must be given briefings on attitudes and leadership styles so that they can direct, control their members and be responsible so that all parts of the work are coordinated in order to achieve company or organizational goals. One of the requirements to become an OSIS administrator is sitting at Ananda High School in Batam City, where the psychological condition of students is still unstable to lead. So that there are some conflicts that arise such as misunderstanding between members, task structure factors and organizational structures, for example, the unequal desire between the treasurer and chairman, personal factors, namely individuals must make decisions concerning themselves and the organization, environmental factors such as the absence of support from the environment or certain parties, differences of opinion, incomplete gatherings, many administrators who leave, there is leisure between members, poor time management and declining performance.


Author(s):  
Hikwan Wahyudi ◽  
Ubay Harun ◽  
Muhammad Taufik

The traditional Balabe or Nolabe in the thanksgiving event is an asset of cultural wealth in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Balebe or Molabe custom is carried out every time there are celebratory activities such as weddings, mourning, childbirth and others. This study aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the process of using incense in the implementation of the Balabe custom and how to review Islamic law on the tradition. This study uses a qualitative approach, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people related to the people in Palupi, especially the Kaili tribe. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Furthermore, after the data is collected, the data obtained needs to be analyzed in three stages that run in cycles: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study indicate that basically, the major schools of jurisprudence agree to accept customs as the basis for the formation of law. However, in terms of numbers and details, there are differences of opinion between these schools, so that 'urf is included in the group of disputed arguments among scholars. The research implies that it is hoped that all leaders, the community and local government officials will maintain and preserve the bolabe tradition in order to survive even in the face of today's times.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno

<p><em>This study aims to determine 1) How is Istidlal (the process of searching for and using arguments) to invalidate ablution according to Imam Hanafi and Imam Syafii and 2) What are the factors that cause the difference of opinion between Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafii regarding the cancellation of ablution. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a comparative approach that compares the opinions of two scholars about the cancellation of wudlu. The research results obtained are: 1) Istidlal: Imam Hanafi's istidlal regarding the cancellation of ablution was inspired by analogues and qiyas, because he was nicknamed "ahlu alra'yu", while Imam Shafi'i's istidlal regarding the cancellation of ablution is to look for the rules and ushul of the problem of canceling wudlu, then after finding him combine it with a valid argument or basis and this is also chosen from a valid argument. 2) Factors: The factors that cause differences of opinion between Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafi'i regarding the cancellation of ablution are the time or era factor, the scientific factor possessed, the legal basis used, the search for a legal basis in determining the law, and the experience factor.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui, 1) <em>Istidlal</em> (proses pencarian dan penggunaan dalil) batalnya wudlu menurut Imam Hanafi dan  Imam Syafii dan 2) Faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan perbadaan pendapat antara Imam Hanafi dan  Imam Syafii tentang batalnya wudlu. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan komparatif yang membandingkan pendapat dua ulama tentang batalnya wudlu. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah1)<em>Istidlal</em> Imam Hanafi tentang batalnya wudlu diilhami dengan analog dan qiyas, karena beliau dijuluki <em>”ahlu alra’yu”,</em>sedangkan <em>istidlal</em> Imam Syafi’i tentang batalnya wudlu yaitu dengan mencari kaidah-kaidah dan ushul dari permasalahan batalnya wudlu, kemudian setelah ditemukan beliau memadukan dengan dalil atau dasar yang dan ini pun dipilih dari dalil yang sahih. 2) Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan pendapat antara Imam Hanafi  dan Imam Syafi’i tentang batalnya wudlu adalah faktor masa atau zaman, faktor Keilmuan yang dimiliki, faktor dasar hukum yang digunakan, faktor pencarian dasar hukum dalam menetapkan hukum, dan faktor Pengalaman.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Sara ◽  
Andrew Lee Hufton ◽  
Amber Hartman Scholz

The scientific community has a strong tradition of sharing digital sequence information (DSI) in an unrestricted manner through public databases. While this tradition of “open access” sharing has many benefits, it has created tension in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Differences of opinion on open access to DSI underlie key points of divergence in ongoing negotiations. The CBD has provided a set of policy options for DSI, but they are not granular enough to assess whether they are compatible with open access principles. Here, we explain what open access to DSI means in practice, assess the CBD DSI policy options through a more granular, technical lens, and discuss which policy options best enable open access. We show that de-coupled benefit-sharing mechanisms for DSI are the most compatible with open access practices and multilateral mechanisms, in general, are the most suited for benefit-sharing if fully de-coupled mechanisms become politically unrealistic.


Author(s):  
Stuart Glennan ◽  
Phyllis Illari ◽  
Erik Weber

AbstractIn this paper we identify six theses that constitute core results of philosophical investigation into the nature of mechanisms, and of the role that the search for and identification of mechanisms play in the sciences. These theses represent the fruits of the body of research that is now often called New Mechanism. We concisely present the main arguments for these theses. In the literature, these arguments are scattered and often implicit. Our analysis can guide future research in many ways: it provides critics of New Mechanism with clear targets, it can reduce misunderstandings, it can clarify differences of opinion among New Mechanists and it helps to define a research agenda for New Mechanists.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Doranda

At this time, we often encounter many church officials who do not carry out their duties properly in a church service that the congregation has untrusted to them. In this paper I will present some reflections on the life of a church official who does not discipline himself in a church service. According to some people think that, discipline in the church is a major omission in some churches today where a leader is afraid to discipline the church to members of the congregation either to a church official, because it is considered contrary to the “love of God” which can cause division in a fellowship with in the church discipline in a congregatin &amp; church, can cause the loss of church members who are affected from outside. Mean while, the major misunderstandings that occur in the church occur due to differences of opinion regarding the meaning, purpose, and nature of church discipline. Many see church discipline as a curse and presentation to a church official or to members of the congregation rather than to be seen as healing love. The purpose of writing this paper is to explain the correct understanding of the importance of church discipline for a church official in a church ministry today


Author(s):  
Serha O.O.

The purpose of this article is a theoretical study and empirical study of the criteria and signs of harmonious family upbringing of adolescents. Scientists have always been interested in establishing criteria for determining the success of raising children. But most of the research was devoted to the study of education in educational institutions. In addition, there is a need to define certain criteria for assessing the results of the upbringing of adolescents, given the significant psychological features of this age period.Methods. To achieve the goal of the study, methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization of scientific sources, comparison and generalization were used. Questionnaires were also conducted to study this issue with the involvement of two groups of experts – parents and professionals.Results. In the course of the study of the criteria and signs of success of family upbringing of adolescents, the opinion of experts on the indicators of upbringing of adolescents and criteria for assessing upbringing was studied. Based on the results of studying the opinions of parents and experts, important indicators of adolescent upbringing were identified, including responsibility, respect for the dignity of others and personal freedom, respect for all forms of life and cultural values, self-control, optimism. A similar humanistic orientation of these indicators has been found, which, according to all experts, is important and worthy of attention. The study of the criteria for assessing the upbringing of adolescents also showed the similarity of the positions of parents and professionals in the education of adolescents. Differences of opinion were also found between the two groups of experts on the importance of individual criteria.Conclusions. Understanding the results of the study allows us to conclude that family upbringing is a process of encouraging, supporting and developing a child through the efforts of parents and relatives from birth to adulthood. Adolescence is characterized by the development and formation of personality, finding one's place in the society, emotional vulnerability and significantly affects the behavior of children. The result of harmonious family upbringing of adolescents is responsibility, respect for the dignity of others and personal freedom, respect for all forms of life and cultural values, self-control, optimism.Key words: family upbringing, parents, teenagers, adolescence age, manners. Мета статті полягає в теоретичному вивченні та емпіричному дослідженні критеріїв і ознак гармонійного сімейного виховання дітей підліткового віку. Встановлення критеріїв для визначення успішності виховання дітей цікавило вчених завжди. Проте більшість досліджень було присвячено вивченню процесу виховання дітей не в сім’ях, а в умовах навчальних закладів. Крім того, існує потреба у визначенні окремих критеріїв щодо оцінки результатів виховання дітей підліткового віку, зважаючи на значні психологічні особливості цього вікового періоду. Методи. Для досягнення мети дослідження використовувались методи аналізу та синтезу, систематизації наукових джерел, порівняння та узагальнення. Також проводилось анкетування з метою вивчення даного питання із залученням двох груп експертів – батьків та фахівців.Результати. Під час дослідження критеріїв та ознак гармонійного сімейного виховання дітей підліткового віку вивчалася думка експертів щодо показників вихованості підлітків та критеріїв оцінки виховання. За результатами вивчення думок експертів-батьків та експертів-фахівців визначено вагомі показники вихованості підлітків, зокрема відповідальність, повага гідності інших людей та свободи волі особистості, повага до всіх форм життя та культурних цінностей, самоконтроль, оптимізм. З’я-совано схожу гуманістичну спрямованість цих показників, які, на думку всіх експертів, є вагомими і вартими уваги. Дослідження критеріїв оцінки вихованості підлітків також показало схожість позицій батьків та фахівців у питаннях виховання підлітків. Також було знайдено відмінності в думках двох груп експертів із приводу вагомості окремих критеріїв. Висновки. Осмислення результатів дослідження дозволяє дійти висновку, що сімейне виховання – це процес заохочення, підтримки та розвитку дитини зусиллями батьків і родичів від її народження до дорослості. Підлітковий вік характеризується розвитком та становленням особистості, пошуком свого місця в соціумі, емоційною вразливістю і суттєво впливає на поведінку дітей. Результатом гармонійного сімейного виховання дітей підліткового віку є відповідальність, повага гідності інших людей та свободи волі особистості, повага до всіх форм життя та культурних цінностей, самоконтроль, оптимізм. Ключові слова: сімейне виховання, батьки, підлітки, підлітковий вік, вихованість.


2021 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Mohd Aizul Bin Yaakob ◽  
Roshimah binti Shamsudin

The terminology of hasan has sparked polemics from the stand point of its definition which brings forth differences of opinion among hadith scholars. In addition to the debate on the definition of hasan which is often associated with al-Tirmidhi and al-Khattabi, other hadith scholars also use this term. One of them is al-Daraqutni. This study therefore, aims to examine the use of the term hasan according to al-Daraqutni in his work entitled al-‘Ilal al-Waridah fi al-Ahadith al-Nabawiyyah. In conducting this study, a library research method in the form of document analysis was used. The data obtained were then analyzed based on inductive and deductive methods. The findings of the study demonstrate that the term hasan applied by al-Daraqutni refers to its literal meaning that is good or fine. Apart from that, the term hasan according to him also carries the meaning of gharib. This statement is based on his commentary on certain sanad narrated individually by a single narrator; from the additional comment that only one narrator took the narration from his teacher. Thus, it can be deduced that the term hasan applied by al-Daraqutni does not deviate from the meaning of hasan assigned by some other scholars of hadith.


2021 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Lucey

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