Shoreline and Coastal Morphological Changes Induced by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in the Katchal Island, Andaman and Nicobar – A Study Using Archived Satellite Images

This paper highlights the recent applications of remote sensing technologies in post-disaster damage assessment, especially in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2006 Central Java earthquake. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, satellite images which captured the affected areas before and after the event were fully employed in field investigations and in tsunami damage mapping. Since the affected areas are vast, moderate resolution satellite images were quite effective in change detection due to the tsunami. Using high-resolution optical satellite images acquired before and after the 2006 Central Java earthquake, the areas of building damage were extracted based on pixel-based and object-based land cover classifications and their accuracy was compared with visual inspection results. In the Central Java earthquake, ALOS/PALSAR captured a SAR image of the affected area one day after the event as well as pre-event times. Taking the difference of the pre-event correlation and the pre-and-post event correlation, the areas affected by the earthquake were also identified. From these examples, the use of proper satellite imagery is suggested considering the area to cover, sensor type, spatial resolution, satellite's retake time etc., in post-disaster damage assessment.

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Numerical Simulations of Impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on Coastal Morphological Changes Around the Ulee Lheue Bay of Aceh, Indonesia

Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami ◽

10.1142/s179343111740005x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 1740005 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Syamsidik ◽

Tursina ◽

Asrita Meutia ◽

Musa Al’ala ◽

Mirza Fahmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Small Island ◽

Wave Forces ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Near Shore ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Sea Area

Wave forces during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami have caused morphological deformations of some coastal areas in Aceh, Indonesia. The sediment transport process during the tsunami wave propagation around near shore areas is a challenging numerical problem. To observe the coastal morphological changes after the Indian Ocean tsunami, this study numerically simulates the coastline changes, sedimentation and erosion areas, and seabed profiles changes around the Ulee Lheue Bay of Aceh, which was severely damaged by the tsunami. Two-dimensional horizontal areas were simulated by Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) and Delft3D. Data of the nearshore area were collected from previous measurements acquired by the Indonesian Navy. According to the results, sediment in the sea area was deposited approximately 2.5[Formula: see text]km from the initial coastline, at the northern part of one small island occupying the Ulee Lheue Bay. This island reduced the energy of the tsunami waves during the backwash process, dumping a significant amount of eroded sediment near the coastline area.

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Medieval forewarning of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand

Nature ◽

10.1038/nature07373 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 455 (7217) ◽

pp. 1228-1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 230

Author(s):

Kruawun Jankaew ◽

Brian F. Atwater ◽

Yuki Sawai ◽

Montri Choowong ◽

Thasinee Charoentitirat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

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A snapshot of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: societal impacts and consequences

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/09653560610654310 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 163-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Havidan Rodriguez ◽

Tricia Wachtendorf ◽

James Kendra ◽

Joseph Trainor

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Societal Impacts

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Impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Southwest Coasts of Sri Lanka

Coastal Sediments '07 ◽

10.1061/40926(239)82 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert A. Morton ◽

James R. Goff ◽

Scott L. Nichol

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

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Developing tsunami fragility curves based on the satellite remote sensing and the numerical modeling of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-11-173-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 173-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

A. Suppasri ◽

S. Koshimura ◽

F. Imamura

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Building Materials ◽

Fragility Curves ◽

Distribution Functions ◽

Least Square ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Inundation Depth ◽

High Resolution Satellite Images ◽

Tsunami Fragility

Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami damaged and destroyed numerous buildings and houses in Thailand. Estimation of tsunami impact to buildings from this event and evaluation of the potential risks are important but still in progress. The tsunami fragility curve is a function used to estimate the structural fragility against tsunami hazards. This study was undertaken to develop fragility curves using visual inspection of high-resolution satellite images (IKONOS) taken before and after tsunami events to classify whether the buildings were destroyed or not based on the remaining roof. Then, a tsunami inundation model is created to reconstruct the tsunami features such as inundation depth, current velocity, and hydrodynamic force of the event. It is assumed that the fragility curves are expressed as normal or lognormal distribution functions and the estimation of the median and log-standard deviation is performed using least square fitting. From the results, the developed fragility curves for different types of building materials (mixed type, reinforced concrete and wood) show consistent performance in damage probability and when compared to the existing curves for other locations.

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