Case Study for Trait-Related Gene Evolution: Glucosinolates

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Kun Lu ◽  
Rod Snowdon ◽  
Jiana Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Related Gene

Endosperm Oil Biosynthesis: A Case Study for Trait Related Gene Evolution in Coconut

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
V. Arunachalam ◽  
S. V. Ramesh ◽  
S. Paulraj ◽  
B. Kalyana Babu ◽  
K. S. Muralikrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Oil Biosynthesis

Aroma and Fragrance: A Case Study for Trait-Related Gene Evolution in Coconut

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
V. Arunachalam ◽  
S. V. Ramesh ◽  
M. K. Rajesh ◽  
K. S. Muralikrishna
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Related Gene

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Down Syndrome Patients with or without Periodontal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Baus-Domínguez ◽  
R. Gómez-Díaz ◽  
D. Torres-Lagares ◽  
J. R. Corcuera-Flores ◽  
J. C. Ruiz-Villandiego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
Oral Inflammation ◽  
Fisher Scientific

Aim. Aware that Down Syndrome patients present among their clinical characteristics impaired immunity, the aim of this study is to identify the statistically significant differences in inflammation-related gene expression by comparing Down Syndrome patients with Periodontal Disease (DS+PD+) with Down Syndrome patients without Periodontal Disease (DS+PD-), and their relationship with periodontitis as a chronic oral inflammatory clinical feature. Materials and Methods. Case study and controls on eleven Down Syndrome patients (DS+PD+ vs. DS+PD-). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a Qiagen PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit when performing an oral examination. A search for candidate genes (92 selected) was undertaken on the total genes obtained using a Scientific GeneChip® Scanner 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Clariom S solutions for human, mouse, and rat chips, with more than 20,000 genes annotated for measuring expression levels. Results. Of the 92 inflammation-related genes taken initially, four genes showed a differential expression across both groups with a p value of <0.05 from the data obtained using RNA processing of the patient sample. Said genes were TNFSF13B (p=0.0448), ITGB2 (p=0.0033), ANXA3 (p=0.0479), and ANXA5 (p=0.016). Conclusions. There are differences in inflammation-related gene expression in Down Syndrome patients when comparing patients who present a state of chronic oral inflammation with patients with negative rates of periodontal disease.

Multiple lineages of FRUITFULL exhibit dynamic patterns of gene evolution after genome triplication in the Brassiceae tribe (Brassicaceae)

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey C. Brock ◽  
Jocelyn C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Relaxed Selection ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Genome Triplication

Phylogenetic analyses of important development genes are necessary to identify trends in sequence divergence and gene retention/loss that underlie diversification after polyploidization. We investigated the evolution of FRUITFULL (FUL) in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae), where a recent genome triplication allows investigation into the fate of paralogs. Many Brassiceae members possess a unique fruit type exhibiting segmentation and variable dehiscence called heteroarthrocarpy, providing a case study to compare with FUL’s evolution, as a single copy is known to control fruit dehiscence in Arabidopsis. We constructed a phylogeny containing all major species lineages to investigate the number of retained FUL paralogs, trends in selective pressure and intron evolution, and their relationship to heteroarthrocarpy. We recovered four well-supported lineages that likely correspond to three FUL copies from hexaploidization. Rates of selection varied across lineages and comparatively relaxed selection was associated with fruit indehiscence. However, stabilizing selection predominated all lineages, indicating that paralogs retain functionality. Longer introns were correlated with relaxed selection on exons and, on average, heteroarthrocarpic taxa had longer introns and retained different FUL paralogs than nonheteroarthrocarpic taxa, although correlations were complex. The dynamic pattern of FUL evolution invites investigation into the role of upstream regulators in the dehiscence of heteroarthrocarpic fruits.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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