Energetic Potential of Apple Orchards in Europe in Terms of Mechanized Harvesting of Pruning Residues

2018 ◽  
pp. 593-602
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Dyjakon ◽  
Krzysztof Mudryk
Keyword(s):  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Pruning Residues

AVAILABLE WAYS TO OPTIMIZE SOIL PROPERTIES IN APPLE ORCHARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
V.L. Zakharov ◽  
◽  
G.N. Pugachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Apple Orchards

Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.T. Amponsah ◽  
M. Walter R.M. Beresford ◽  
R.W.A. Scheper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Scar ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Different Types

Leaf scar wounds are important sites for Neonectria ditissima infection of apple trees Monitoring leaf fall in Scilate/Envy and Braeburn trees to estimate leaf scar wound presence showed maximum leaf scar incidence occurred in June (early winter) Wounds detected in New Zealand apple orchards were bud scale scars fruit thinning and picking wounds leaf scars and pruning cuts Picking wounds are caused during harvest where the pedicel is detached from the shoot Susceptibility of these different types of wounds was determined using artificial inoculation of N ditissima conidia during the season Pruning cut wounds were the most susceptible followed by fruit picking and thinning wounds and the least susceptible were leaf scar wounds No infections were observed when bud scale wounds were inoculated There was no difference in wound susceptibility between cultivars but overall Scilate/Envy wounds developed more lesions than Braeburn wounds

Changes in rainfall partitioning and its effect on soil water replenishment after the conversion of croplands into apple orchards on the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 107342
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Ziqi Yang ◽  
Katsutoshi Seki ◽  
Manmohanjit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
The Loess Plateau

Use of an anthocyanin progeny marker to determine the value of hive pollen dispensers in apple orchards

1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Williams ◽  
Ruth M. Church ◽  
D. E. S. Wood ◽  
Valerie A. Floor
Keyword(s):  
Apple Orchards

scholarly journals Landscape Enhancements in Apple Orchards: Higher Bumble Bee Queen Species Richness, but No Effect on Apple Quality

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Amélie Gervais ◽  
Marc Bélisle ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle ◽  
Valérie Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Apple Quality ◽  
Effective Pollinators ◽  
Quality Weight

Bumble bees are among the most effective pollinators in orchards during the blooming period, yet they are often threatened by the high levels of pesticide use in apple production. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of landscape enhancements (e.g., hedgerows, flower strips) on bumble bee queens in apple orchards. Bumble bee queens from 12 orchards in southern Québec (Canada) were marked, released, and recaptured in the springs and falls of 2017 to 2019. Half of the 12 orchards had landscape enhancements. Apples were harvested in 2018 and 2019 to compare their quality (weight, diameter, sugar level, and seed number) in sites with and without landscape enhancements. Species richness, as well as the occurrence of three species out of eight, was higher in orchards with landscape enhancements than in orchards without such structures. The occurrence of Bombus ternarius was lower in orchards with high levels of pesticide use. Apples had fewer seeds when collected in orchards with landscape enhancements and were heavier in orchards that used more pesticides. Our work provides additional evidence that landscape enhancements improve bumble bee presence in apple orchards and should therefore be considered as a means to enhance pollination within farms.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral parameters and prediction model of soil moisture in apple orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 687 (1) ◽  
pp. 012085
Author(s):  
Wenqian Wang ◽  
Mingxiu Gao ◽  
Jiafan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Apple Orchards

scholarly journals Prediction of profitability of topworking in older apple orchards under contemporary economic conditions of the Czech Republic  

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Blažek ◽  
V. Falta ◽  
R. Vávra ◽  
V. Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Health State ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Good Health State

: In the Czech Republic, there is still a predominance of obsolete apple orchards that were established more than 15 years ago and that are not profitable under contemporary conditions. Typical features of these orchards are low or medium tree densities, freely growing semi-standard trees or hedgerows on semi-dwarf, or sometimes also on vigorous, rootstocks. The farmers are not always in a position to completely renovate them, and therefore they are interested in their topworking. The present paper studied the effectiveness of this measure under the current economic and market conditions of this country, using 3 types of orchards with different spacings and rootstocks and 5 groups of tree densities. Four cultivars were chosen as examples of different starting statuses for the modelling of subsequent development in three time horizons and for the prediction of profitability of this treatment. The profitability is based on an increase in farmer prices for cultivars that are presently recommended for replacement of the older ones according to the recent development of these prices on the fresh market. In the case of topworking for Spartan cv., an economic return of the measure can be expected at the earliest after 8 years of running the treated orchard. The greatest increase in profit can be achieved in orchards on the rootstock M 9. Nevertheless, with the decline of tree numbers in the orchard, or with the increase in tree losses, the general economic effectiveness of topworking notably falls. In the case of trees on the rootstock MM 106, this measure can have an economic effect only if at least 80% of the trees is in a good health state and it is presumed that the orchard will be used for another 10 years at least. A list of recommended cultivars to be used for replacement of the old ones is given.

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