The Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning System for the Indian Ocean (GITEWS)

2014 ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joern Lauterjung ◽  
Alexander Rudloff ◽  
Ute Münch ◽  
Daniel J. Acksel
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
The Indian Ocean

scholarly journals The challenge of installing a tsunami early warning system in the vicinity of the Sunda Arc, Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lauterjung ◽  
U. Münch ◽  
A. Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Warning System ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Sunda Arc ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract. Indonesia is located along the most prominent active continental margin in the Indian Ocean, the so-called Sunda Arc and, therefore, is one of the most threatened regions of the world in terms of natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. On 26 December 2004 the third largest earthquake ever instrumentally recorded (magnitude 9.3, Stein and Okal, 2005) occurred off-shore northern Sumatra and triggered a mega-tsunami affecting the whole Indian Ocean. Almost a quarter of a million people were killed, as the region was not prepared either in terms of early-warning or in terms of disaster response. In order to be able to provide, in future, a fast and reliable warning procedure for the population, Germany, immediately after the catastrophe, offered during the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Hyogo/Japan in January 2005 technical support for the development and installation of a tsunami early warning system for the Indian Ocean in addition to assistance in capacity building in particular for local communities. This offer was accepted by Indonesia but also by other countries like Sri Lanka, the Maldives and some East-African countries. Anyhow the main focus of our activities has been carried out in Indonesia as the main source of tsunami threat for the entire Indian Ocean. Challenging for the technical concept of this warning system are the extremely short warning times for Indonesia, due to its vicinity to the Sunda Arc. For this reason the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) integrates different modern and new scientific monitoring technologies and analysis methods.

scholarly journals Pola Kejadian Tsunami dan Perkembangan Manajemen Bencana di Indonesia setelah Tsunami Samudra Hindia Tahun 2004: Sebuah Tinjauan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachtiar W. Mutaqin ◽  
Ikhwan Amri ◽  
Bagas Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami

Indonesia memiliki catatan sejarah yang panjang dengan bencana tsunami. Dari sejumlah kejadian tsunami yang ada, tsunami Samudra Hindia tahun 2004 dinilai sebagai bencana alam yang paling mematikan sepanjang abad dan paling berperan dalam mengubah paradigma manajemen kebencanaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pola kejadian tsunami dan perkembangan manajemen bencana di Indonesia setelah tsunami tahun 2004 dengan memanfaatkan database tsunami dan tinjauan literatur. Sebanyak 22 kejadian tsunami telah tercatat di Indonesia selama 2005-2018, di mana sebagian besar lokasi tsunami terkonsentrasi di Pulau Sumatera bagian barat dan bersumber dari Samudra Hindia. Tujuh kejadian diantaranya menimbulkan dampak signifikan, termasuk dua tsunami terakhir yang dipicu oleh faktor non seismik. Sistem manajemen bencana sebenarnya telah mengalami perubahan secara besar-besaran setelah tsunami tahun 2004, mulai dari berlakunya peraturan perundang-undangan tentang penanggulangan bencana, pembentukan institusi baru untuk penanggulangan bencana, hingga konstuksi sistem peringatan dini tsunami (InaTEWS). Meskipun telah berfokus pada upaya preventif, dampak tsunami dalam beberapa tahun terakhir masih cukup besar. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh 4 faktor utama: (1) konsentrasi penduduk yang tinggi di area bahaya tsunami, (2) terbatasnya infrastruktur diseminasi peringatan dini, (3) kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan evakuasi mandiri tanpa menunggu peringatan, dan (4) sistem peringatan dini tsunami belum mempertimbangkan faktor non seismik.Indonesia has a long history with the tsunami. From numerous tsunami events in the world, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was considered as the deadliest natural disaster of the century and had the most role in changing the paradigm of disaster management in Indonesia. This study aims to review the spatial pattern of tsunami events and the development of disaster management in Indonesia following the 2004 tsunami through the tsunami database and literature review. At least there are 22 tsunami events were recorded in Indonesia in the period of 2005-2018, where most of its locations were concentrated on the western part of Sumatra Island and sourced from the Indian Ocean. We had identified that seven of these events have significant impacts, including the last two tsunamis triggered by non-seismic factors. The disaster management system has actually improved drastically following the 2004 tsunami, such as the enactment of laws and regulations on disaster management, the establishment of special institutions for disaster management, and the construction of a tsunami early warning system (InaTEWS). Although it has focused on preventive measures, tsunami impacts in recent years are still quite large. This situation is affected by four factors: (1) high and dense population in the tsunami hazard area, (2) limited infrastructure for early warning dissemination, (3) lack of public awareness to conduct evacuations following the disaster events, and (4) early warning systems for tsunami has not considered yet the non-seismic factors.

scholarly journals The UNESCO-IOC framework – establishing an international early warning infrastructure in the Indian Ocean region

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2623-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lauterjung ◽  
P. Koltermann ◽  
U. Wolf ◽  
J. Sopaheluwakan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract. The Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with a magnitude of 9.3, and the subsequent destructive tsunami which caused more than 225 000 fatalities in the region of the Indian Ocean, happened on 26 December 2004. Less than one month later, the United Nations (UN) World Conference on Disaster Reduction took place in Kobe, Japan to commemorate the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The importance of preparedness and awareness on regional, national and community levels with respect to natural disasters was discussed during this meeting, and resulted in the approval of the Hyogo Declaration on Disaster Reduction. Based on this declaration the UN mandated the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO (United Nations Education, Science and Cultural Organization), taking note of its over 40 years of successful coordination of the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWC), to take on the international coordination of national early-warning efforts for the Indian Ocean and to guide the process of setting up a Regional Tsunami Early Warning System for the Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals Near real-time GPS applications for tsunami early warning systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Falck ◽  
M. Ramatschi ◽  
C. Subarya ◽  
M. Bartsch ◽  
A. Merx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Land Mass

Abstract. GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is widely used for positioning applications. Many of them have high requirements with respect to precision, reliability or fast product delivery, but usually not all at the same time as it is the case for early warning applications. The tasks for the GPS-based components within the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, Rudloff et al., 2009) are to support the determination of sea levels (measured onshore and offshore) and to detect co-seismic land mass displacements with the lowest possible latency (design goal: first reliable results after 5 min). The completed system was designed to fulfil these tasks in near real-time, rather than for scientific research requirements. The obtained data products (movements of GPS antennas) are supporting the warning process in different ways. The measurements from GPS instruments on buoys allow the earliest possible detection or confirmation of tsunami waves on the ocean. Onshore GPS measurements are made collocated with tide gauges or seismological stations and give information about co-seismic land mass movements as recorded, e.g., during the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004 (Subarya et al., 2006). This information is important to separate tsunami-caused sea height movements from apparent sea height changes at tide gauge locations (sensor station movement) and also as additional information about earthquakes' mechanisms, as this is an essential information to predict a tsunami (Sobolev et al., 2007). This article gives an end-to-end overview of the GITEWS GPS-component system, from the GPS sensors (GPS receiver with GPS antenna and auxiliary systems, either onshore or offshore) to the early warning centre displays. We describe how the GPS sensors have been installed, how they are operated and the methods used to collect, transfer and process the GPS data in near real-time. This includes the sensor system design, the communication system layout with real-time data streaming, the data processing strategy and the final products of the GPS-based early warning system components.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document