scholarly journals Near real-time GPS applications for tsunami early warning systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Falck ◽  
M. Ramatschi ◽  
C. Subarya ◽  
M. Bartsch ◽  
A. Merx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Land Mass

Abstract. GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is widely used for positioning applications. Many of them have high requirements with respect to precision, reliability or fast product delivery, but usually not all at the same time as it is the case for early warning applications. The tasks for the GPS-based components within the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, Rudloff et al., 2009) are to support the determination of sea levels (measured onshore and offshore) and to detect co-seismic land mass displacements with the lowest possible latency (design goal: first reliable results after 5 min). The completed system was designed to fulfil these tasks in near real-time, rather than for scientific research requirements. The obtained data products (movements of GPS antennas) are supporting the warning process in different ways. The measurements from GPS instruments on buoys allow the earliest possible detection or confirmation of tsunami waves on the ocean. Onshore GPS measurements are made collocated with tide gauges or seismological stations and give information about co-seismic land mass movements as recorded, e.g., during the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004 (Subarya et al., 2006). This information is important to separate tsunami-caused sea height movements from apparent sea height changes at tide gauge locations (sensor station movement) and also as additional information about earthquakes' mechanisms, as this is an essential information to predict a tsunami (Sobolev et al., 2007). This article gives an end-to-end overview of the GITEWS GPS-component system, from the GPS sensors (GPS receiver with GPS antenna and auxiliary systems, either onshore or offshore) to the early warning centre displays. We describe how the GPS sensors have been installed, how they are operated and the methods used to collect, transfer and process the GPS data in near real-time. This includes the sensor system design, the communication system layout with real-time data streaming, the data processing strategy and the final products of the GPS-based early warning system components.

scholarly journals Kajian Kerentanan Fasilitas Darat Ina-CBT terhadap Guncangan Gempabumi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Mulyo Harris Pradono
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning

Ina-CBT adalah Indonesia Cable-Based Tsunamimeter (atau Tsunameter). Ina-CBT adalah bagian dari Ina-TEWS (Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System) yang merupakan sistem peringatan dini tsunami di Indonesia yang bertujuan memberikan peringatan dini tsunami saat kejadian berlangsung. Cable-Based Tsunamimeter ini terdiri dari sensor bawah laut yang mengukur getaran gempa dan tekanan air. Data getaran dan tekanan kemudian diteruskan melalui kabel bawah laut sampai ke daratan. Fasilitas di daratan menjadi sangat penting karena secara real time mengirim data melalui radio ke pusat pemantauan. Fasilitas daratan terdiri dari Beach Man Hole (BMH), Menara, dan Rumah Listrik. Semua fasilitas ini harus tetap bekerja walaupun guncangan gempa besar terjadi yang mengawali terjadinya tsunami. Fasilitas ini juga harus dibuat aman terhadap terjangan tsunami. Di dalam makalah ini, kerentanan fasilitas tersebut dikaji terhadap guncangan gempa sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku.

Assessment of the Reliability of the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srinivasa Kumar ◽  
R. Venkatesan ◽  
N. Vedachalam ◽  
J. Padmanabham ◽  
R. Sundar
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Reliability Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Failure Data

AbstractThis paper analyses the reliability of the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS), comprising a 24 × 7 manned and automated center capable of monitoring the seismic, open sea water level and coastal tide levels and disseminating tsunami bulletins with the aid of proven prerun scenario models during a tsunamigenic earthquake. Since its inception in 2007, the ITEWS has undergone technological maturity with reliability as the prime objective. The system is expected to be in operation throughout the year and alerting the entire Indian Ocean rim countries in the event of a tsunami. Based on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61508 standards and field failure data, quantitative reliability modeling is done for the subsystems, and it is found that the seismic network, tsunami buoy network, and distress information dissemination systems conform to Safety Integrity Level SIL4, while tide gauge stations conform to SIL4 with a maintenance interval of 45 days. In case of the tsunami buoy network, the failure of one tsunami buoy degrades the network to SIL3 and needs to be restored within 8 months. The study provides confidence on ITEWS's reliable support to tsunami early warning.

Integration of operational Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems and COVID-19 data for the humanitarian community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Proietti ◽  
Alessandro Annunziato ◽  
Pamela Probst ◽  
Stefano Paris ◽  
Thomas Peter
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Coordination System

<p>To improve preparedness and response in case of large-scale disasters, the international humanitarian community needs to understand the anticipated impact of an event as soon as possible in order to take informed operational decisions. The European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG ECHO, and the United Nations’ OCHA and UNOSAT launched the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (www.GDACS.org) in 2002-03 as cooperation platform to provide early disaster warning and coordination services to humanitarian actors. After more than 15 years, GDACS has around 30k registered users among humanitarian organisations at global level.</p><p>At the beginning, one of GDACS’s main tasks was the dissemination of automatic alerts for earthquakes, tsunamis and tropical cyclones; today, the system has been augmented to include also floods, droughts and volcanoes, and it will soon include forest fires.  Alerts are sent to the international humanitarian community to ensure timely warning in severe events that are expected to require international assistance. Alert levels are determined by automated algorithms without, or with very limited, human intervention, using automatic real-time data-feeds from various scientific institutes or the JRC’s own systems.</p><p>From 2020, because of the potential impact of the COVID-19 emergency on international preparedness and response activities, the COVID-19 situation in affected countries is now also monitored by the system, providing real time information updates on the website. This new feature allows to consider in the planning of the emergency response, the severity of the outbreak in the affected countries.</p><p>This contribution presents the challenges and outcomes of combining science-based information from different independent systems into a single Multi-Hazard Early Warning System and introduces new functionalities that were recently developed to address the new challenges related to the COVID-19 emergency.</p>

Development of a Hydrological Telemetry System in Bago River

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Allen Acierto ◽  
Akiyuki Kawasaki ◽  
Win Win Zin ◽  
Aung Than Oo ◽  
Khon Ra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Telemetry System ◽  
Production Type

Hydrological monitoring is one of the key aspects in early warning systems that are vital to flood disaster management in flood-prone areas such as Bago River Basin in Myanmar. Thousands of people are affected due to the perennial flooding. Owing to the increasing pressure of rapid urbanization in the region and future climate change impacts, an early warning system in the basin is urgently required for disaster risk mitigation. This paper introduces the co-establishment of the telemetry system by a group of stakeholders. The co-establishment of the system through intensive consultations, proactive roles in responsibility sharing, and capacity building efforts, is essential in developing a base platform for flood forecasting and an early warning system in the basin. Herein, we identify the key challenges that have been central to the participatory approach in co-establishing the system. We also highlight opportunities as a result of the ongoing process and future impact on the disaster management system in the basin. We also highlight the potential for scientific contributions in understanding the local weather and hydrological characteristics through the establishment of the high-temporal resolution observation network. Using the observation at Zaung Tu Weir, Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite estimates were assessed. Near real-time and standard versions of both satellite estimates show potential utility over the basin. Hourly aggregation shows slightly higher than 40% probability of detection (POD), on average, for both satellite estimates regardless of the production type. Thus, the hourly aggregation requires correction before usage. The results show useful skills at 60% POD for standard GSMaP (GSMAP-ST), 55% POD for near real-time GSMaP (GSMAP-NR), and 46% POD for GPM, at 3-hourly aggregations. Six-hourly aggregations show maximum benefit for providing useful skill and good correspondence to gauge the observation with GSMAP-ST showing the best true skill score (TSS) at 0.54 and an equitable threat score (ETS) at 0.37. While, both final run GPM and GSMAP-NR show lower POD, TSS, and ETS scores. Considering the latency of near real-time satellite estimates, the GSMAP-NR shows the best potential with a 4-hour latency period for monitoring and forecasting purposes in the basin. The result of the GSMAP-NR does not vary significantly from the GSMAP-ST and all GPM estimates. However, it requires some correction before its usage in any applications, for modeling and forecasting purposes.

scholarly journals GPS-controlled tide gauges in Indonesia – a German contribution to Indonesia's Tsunami Early Warning System

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schöne ◽  
J. Illigner ◽  
P. Manurung ◽  
C. Subarya ◽  
C. Zech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Gauge Systems

Abstract. Coastal tide gauges do not only play a central role in the study of climate-related sea level changes but also in tsunami warning systems. Over the past five years, ten GPS-controlled tide gauge systems have been installed by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in Indonesia to assist the development of the Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS). These stations are mainly installed at the Indonesian coastline facing the Indian Ocean. The tide gauge systems deliver information about the instantaneous sea level, vertical control information through GPS, and meteorological observations. A tidal analysis at the station's computer allows the detection of rapid changes in the local sea level ("sea level events"/SLE), thus indicating, for example, the arrival time of tsunamis. The technical implementation, communication issues, the operation and the sea level event detection algorithm, and some results from recent earthquakes and tsunamis are described in this paper.

Basis for a flood early-warning system approach in fast-flow  Mediterranean catchments: The case study of Cala reservoir (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Contreras ◽  
Sergio Vela ◽  
Rafael Pimentel ◽  
María José Polo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Shallow Soils

<p>An optimal operation criteria in Mediterranean dams is specially required to prevent damages associated with flood and drought events, which are common and directly connected with the intrinsic seasonal and annual climate variability over these regions. That need is clear in multipurpose dams, that usually include hydropower systems in these catchments. These systems must guarantee an equilibrium between an optimum storage for production and the capacity needed for flood abatement. Specially relevant are torrential flooding events, in which quick decisions need to be taken to prevent not only the associated damages, but also the energy production losses connected to a conservative approach. Those facts are translated into a huge range of possibilities that difficulties the optimization of decision making processes. On the one hand,  several meteorological forecasting systems at different spatiotemporal scales are currently available. However, the greater uncertainty linked to the rapid response time of these catchments limits their use. On the other hand, the insufficient number of control points with available real time measurements (i.e., precipitation gauges and water level controls) challenges the creation of early warning systems with an appropriate uncertainty quantification.</p><p>This study proposes the basis for the definition of an early warning system based on a limited number of real time in situ measurements in a characteristic Mediterranean catchment. The Cala dam (59 hm<sup>3</sup>), located in the Rivera de Cala river, was chosen as an example. Cala dam is mainly used for hydroelectric production, but also for irrigation and leisure activities. Their upstream catchment (535 km<sup>2</sup>) is characterized by agroforestry uses and a quick response to intense precipitation due to steep slopes, shallow soils and groundwater redistribution, which does not favour the lamination of water. In situ historical information from, stations with available real time data in the watershed is used to: (a) define driver indicators of key streamflow states (i.e., a threshold in the cumulative precipitation since the beginning of the hydrological year or precipitation intensity over certain months); and, (b) caracterize and cluster precipitation-runoff events over the catchment. The three resulting most significant three types of events were validated during the last period of the observed data. This information was translated into a decision tree using a conditional structure, constituting the basis of the designed early warning system This scheme allows to identify the potential occurrence of a warning situation, which is fixed by the normal operational rules of the reservoir. Once the flood event is underway, the use of real time information about the water volume stored in the reservoir and the estimated probability of occurrence of an discharge event in the next hour based on antecedents precipitation, are the hydrological indicators to base the decision on together with the generation thresholds and requirements of the hydropower system. The approach is also validated based on historical information within a hindcast process during the validation period.</p>

scholarly journals Development of tsunami early warning systems and future challenges

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1923-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wächter ◽  
A. Babeyko ◽  
J. Fleischer ◽  
R. Häner ◽  
M. Hammitzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Distant Early Warning

Abstract. Fostered by and embedded in the general development of information and communications technology (ICT), the evolution of tsunami warning systems (TWS) shows a significant development from seismic-centred to multi-sensor system architectures using additional sensors (e.g. tide gauges and buoys) for the detection of tsunami waves in the ocean. Currently, the beginning implementation of regional tsunami warning infrastructures indicates a new phase in the development of TWS. A new generation of TWS should not only be able to realise multi-sensor monitoring for tsunami detection. Moreover, these systems have to be capable to form a collaborative communication infrastructure of distributed tsunami warning systems in order to implement regional, ocean-wide monitoring and warning strategies. In the context of the development of the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) and in the EU-funded FP6 project Distant Early Warning System (DEWS), a service platform for both sensor integration and warning dissemination has been newly developed and demonstrated. In particular, standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) have been successfully incorporated. In the FP7 project Collaborative, Complex and Critical Decision-Support in Evolving Crises (TRIDEC), new developments in ICT (e.g. complex event processing (CEP) and event-driven architecture (EDA)) are used to extend the existing platform to realise a component-based technology framework for building distributed tsunami warning systems.

scholarly journals Tsunami Early Warning System based on Real-time Measurements of Hydro-acoustic Waves

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cecioni ◽  
G. Bellotti ◽  
A. Romano ◽  
A. Abdolali ◽  
P. Sammarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning

scholarly journals A Fast Deploying Monitoring and Real-Time Early Warning System for the Baige Landslide in Tibet, China

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6619
Author(s):  
Yongbo Wu ◽  
Ruiqing Niu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
Svm Model

Landslide early warning systems (EWSs) have been widely used to reduce disaster losses. The effectiveness of a landslide EWS depends highly on the prediction methods, and it is difficult to correctly predict landslides in a timely manner. In this paper, we propose a real-time prediction method to provide real-time early warning of landslides by combining the Kalman filtering (KF), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and support vector machine (SVM) methods. We also designed a fast deploying monitoring system (FDMS) to monitor the displacement of landslides for real-time prediction. The FDMS can be quickly deployed compared to the existing system. This system also has high robustness due to the usage of the ad-hoc technique. The principle of this method is to extract the precursory features of the landslide from the surface displacement data obtained by the FDMS and, then, to train the KF-FFT-SVM model to make a prediction based on these precursory features. We applied this fast monitoring and real-time early warning system to the Baige landslide, Tibet, China. The results showed that the KF-FFT-SVM model was able to provide real-time early warning for the Baige landslide with high accuracy.

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