Ferenc Bojan Memorial Lecture — the meaning of life expectancy for the individual, for Public Health and for Social Security Systems

2004 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Christian von Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
The Individual

Income Tax in Relation to Social Security

1946 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Haynes ◽  
R. J. Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Social ◽  
System Part ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Financial Relationship

This paper falls into three parts which form a progressive study involvingI. proposals for the reform of the Income Tax system as related to personal assessments,II. consideration of the interrelation of Income Tax and Social Security,III. proposals for the co-ordination of the Income Tax and Social Security systems.Part I of this progressive study is a plea for a business-like administration of the Income Tax system. Part II examines the combined effect upon the individual of the Income Tax system and the Social Security plan proposed by Sir William Beveridge. Part III sets out to co-ordinate Income Tax and Social Security and to simplify the financial relationship between the individual and the community.

scholarly journals Public Services and European Law: Looking for Boundaries

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 271-291
Author(s):  
Eleanor Spaventa
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Member States ◽  
Prior Authorisation ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
The Individual

All member states must, as a matter of Community law, provide for a qualified right to go to another Member State to receive treatment at the expense of the competent social security system. According to Article 22 of Regulation 1408/71 such a right is conditional upon prior authorisation by the competent institution. Authorisation cannot be refused when the treatment is amongst the benefits provided for by the State where the individual resides and the treatment cannot be provided within the time ‘normally necessary’ for obtaining the treatment in the State of residence. The Court however has found that Article 49 EC imposes upon Member States obligations that go beyond those contained in the Regulation: thus a prior authorisation requirement constitutes a justified barrier (subject to important qualifications) in the case of hospital treatment and a non-justified barrier in the case of nonhospital treatment. The effects of this interpretation are far-reaching: not only do Member States see their obligations under Community law redefined in a way which might have a significant financial impact on their social security systems; but also the reasoning of the Court could be applied to other branches of the public sector, such as education.

scholarly journals An Indexation Mechanism for Retirement Age: Analysis of the Gender Gap

Risks ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Coppola ◽  
Maria Russolillo ◽  
Rosaria Simone
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Longevity Risk ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Averaged Model

The management of National Social Security Systems is being challenged more and more by the rapid ageing of the population, especially in the industrialized countries. In order to chase the Pension System sustainability, several countries in Europe are setting up pension reforms linking the retirement age and/or benefits to life expectancy. In this context, the accurate modelling and projection of mortality rates and life expectancy play a central role and represent issues of great interest in recent literature. Our study refers to the Italian mortality experience and considers an indexing mechanism based on the expected residual life to adjust the retirement age and keep costs at an expected budgeted level, in the spirit of sharing the longevity risk between Social Security Systems and retirees. In order to combine fitting and projections performances of selected stochastic mortality models, a model assembling technique is applied to face uncertainty in model selection, while accounting for uncertainty of estimation as well. The resulting proposal is an averaged model that is suitable to discuss about the gender gap in longevity risk and its alleged narrowing over time.

scholarly journals Public Services and European Law: Looking for Boundaries

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 271-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Spaventa
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Member States ◽  
Prior Authorisation ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
The Individual

All member states must, as a matter of Community law, provide for a qualified right to go to another Member State to receive treatment at the expense of the competent social security system. According to Article 22 of Regulation 1408/71 such a right is conditional upon prior authorisation by the competent institution. Authorisation cannot be refused when the treatment is amongst the benefits provided for by the State where the individual resides and the treatment cannot be provided within the time ‘normally necessary’ for obtaining the treatment in the State of residence. The Court however has found that Article 49 EC imposes upon Member States obligations that go beyond those contained in the Regulation: thus a prior authorisation requirement constitutes a justified barrier (subject to important qualifications) in the case of hospital treatment and a non-justified barrier in the case of nonhospital treatment. The effects of this interpretation are far-reaching: not only do Member States see their obligations under Community law redefined in a way which might have a significant financial impact on their social security systems; but also the reasoning of the Court could be applied to other branches of the public sector, such as education.

scholarly journals Understanding Social Security Development: Lessons From the Chinese Case

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110326
Author(s):  
Guan Huang ◽  
Zhuang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Chinese Case ◽  
Thematic Approach ◽  
Convergence And Divergence

Understanding the development of social security systems constitutes the ultimate goal of social security research. This review traces and compares two schools of thought regarding social security development: the convergence and divergence schools. Using a thematic approach, this article first categorizes extant studies into one of these two schools and then identifies the broadly accepted mechanism of social security development by comparing them. After reviewing the extant research and its theoretical underpinnings, this article applies Mill’s methods of agreement and difference to show how the Chinese case contributes to and challenges our understanding of social security development. By discussing the assumptions of current research on social security development in light of the Chinese case, this article illuminates how political legitimacy serves as a common mechanism of social security development regardless of political context or structure.

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