Organic Carbon Budget: Arctic Ocean vs. Global Ocean

2004 ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stein ◽  
R. W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Ocean

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Hidden forests, the role of vegetated coastal habitats in the ocean carbon budget

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Vegetated coastal habitats, including seagrass and macroalgal beds, mangrove forests and salt marshes, form highly productive ecosystems, but their contribution to the global carbon budget remains overlooked, and these forests remain hidden in representations of the global carbon budget. Despite being confined to a narrow belt around the shoreline of the world's oceans, where they cover less than 7 million km2, vegetated coastal habitats support about 1 to 10 % of the global marine net primary production and generate a large organic carbon surplus of about 40 % of their net primary production (NPP), which is either buried in sediments within these habitats or exported away. Large, 10-fold uncertainties in the area covered by vegetated coastal habitats, along with variability about carbon flux estimates, result in a 10-fold bracket around the estimates of their contribution to organic carbon sequestration in sediments and the deep sea from 73 to 866 Tg C yr−1, representing between 3 % and 1∕3 of oceanic CO2 uptake. Up to 1∕2 of this carbon sequestration occurs in sink reservoirs (sediments or the deep sea) beyond these habitats. The organic carbon exported that does not reach depositional sites subsidizes the metabolism of heterotrophic organisms. In addition to a significant contribution to organic carbon production and sequestration, vegetated coastal habitats contribute as much to carbonate accumulation as coral reefs do. While globally relevant, the magnitude of global carbon fluxes supported by salt-marsh, mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal habitats is declining due to rapid habitat loss, contributing to loss of CO2 sequestration, storage capacity and carbon subsidies. Incorporating the carbon fluxes' vegetated coastal habitats' support into depictions of the carbon budget of the global ocean and its perturbations will improve current representations of the carbon budget of the global ocean.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Hidden Forests, the role of vegetated coastal habitats on the ocean carbon budget

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Vegetated coastal habitats, including seagrass and macroalgal beds, mangrove forests and salt-marshes, form highly productive ecosystems, but their contribution to the global carbon budget remains overlooked and these forests remain “hidden” in representations of the global carbon budget. Despite being confined to a narrow belt around the shoreline of the world’s oceans, where they cover less than 7 million km2, vegetated coastal habitats support about 10 % of the global marine net primary production, and generate a large organic carbon surplus, of about 40 % of their NPP, which is either buried in sediments within these habitats or exported away. Large, 10-fold uncertainties in the area covered by vegetated coastal habitats, along with variability about carbon flux estimates, result in a 10-fold bracket around the estimates of their contribution to organic carbon sequestration in sediments and the deep sea from 73 Tg C year−1 to 866 Tg C year−1 , representing up to 1/3 of the biological CO2 removal by marine biota. Up to 1/2 of this carbon sequestration occurs in sink reservoirs (sediments or the deep sea) beyond these habitats. The organic carbon exported that does not reach depositional sites subsidizes the metabolism of heterotrophic organisms. In addition to their significant contribution to organic carbon production and sequestration, vegetated coastal habitats contribute as much to carbonate accumulation as coral reefs do. Whereas globally-relevant, the magnitude of global carbon fluxes supported by salt-marsh, mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal habitats is declining due to rapid habitat loss, contributing to loss of CO2 sequestration, storage capacity and carbon subsidies. Incorporating the carbon fluxes vegetated coastal habitats support into depictions of the carbon budget of the global ocean and its perturbations will improve current representations of the carbon budget of the global ocean.

Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grete Algesten ◽  
Lars Brydsten ◽  
Per Jonsson ◽  
Pirkko Kortelainen ◽  
Stefan Löfgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Gulf Of Bothnia

Particulate organic carbon budget in the open Algero-Balearic Basin (Western Mediterranean): Assessment from a one-year sediment trap experiment

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Zúñiga ◽  
Antoni Calafat ◽  
Anna Sanchez-Vidal ◽  
Miquel Canals ◽  
Brian Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Trap ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Trap Experiment ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Mineral Phase-Element Associations Based on Sequential Leaching of Ferromanganese Crusts, Amerasia Basin Arctic Ocean

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Konstantinova ◽  
James Hein ◽  
Amy Gartman ◽  
Kira Mizell ◽  
Pedro Barrulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Ferromanganese Crusts ◽  
Sequential Leaching ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Chukchi Borderland

Ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts from Mendeleev Ridge, Chukchi Borderland, and Alpha Ridge, in the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean, are similar based on morphology and chemical composition. The crusts are characterized by a two- to four-layered stratigraphy. The chemical composition of the Arctic crusts differs significantly from hydrogenetic crusts from elsewhere of global ocean by high mean Fe/Mn ratios, high As, Li, V, Sc, and Th concentrations, and high detrital contents. Here, we present element distributions through crust stratigraphic sections and element phase association using several complementary techniques such as SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS, and sequential leaching, a widely employed method of element phase association that dissolves mineral phases of different stability step-by-step: Exchangeable cations and Ca carbonates, Mn-oxides, Fe-hydroxides, and residual fraction. Sequential leaching shows that the Arctic crusts have higher contents of most elements characteristic of the aluminosilicate phase than do Pacific crusts. Elements have similar distributions between the hydrogenetic Mn and Fe phases in all the Arctic and Pacific crusts. The main host phases for the elements enriched in the Arctic crusts over Pacific crusts (Li, As, Th, and V) are the Mn-phase for Li and Fe-phase for As, Th, and V; those elements also have higher contents in the residual aluminosilicate phase. Thus, higher concentrations of Li, As, Th, and V likely occur in the dissolved and particulate phases in bottom waters where the Arctic crusts grow, which has been shown to be true for Sc, also highly enriched in the crusts. The phase distributions of elements within the crust layers is mostly consistent among the Arctic crusts, being somewhat different in element concentrations in the residual phase.

Sedimentary Organic Carbon Budget Across the Slope to the Basin in the Southwestern Ulleung (Tsushima) Basin of the East (Japan) Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 2804-2822
Author(s):  
Jae Seong Lee ◽  
Jeong Hee Han ◽  
Sung‐Uk An ◽  
Sung‐Han Kim ◽  
Dhongil Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Carbon ◽  
Tsushima Basin
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