The purpose of the study was to determine the structure of the incidence of thymus tumors in the Kharkiv region, taking into account the histological classification of thymus tumors and to analyze diagnostically significant indicators of the immune response of patients with thymomas. Materials and methods. The medical histories of 158 patients aged 16 to 80 years with diseases of the thymus gland were studied during 2006-2019. The indices of phagocytic activity of granulocytic neutrophils in blood heparinization, phagocytic index, phagocytic number, phagocytosis completion index and activity of proteins of the complement system were analyzed. We also analyzed the indices of the number of T- and B-lymphocytes obtained using monoclonal antibodies (CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+) (immunofluorescence method). Results and discussion. The structure of the incidence of tumors of the thymus in the Kharkiv region was determined, taking into account the histological classification of tumors of the thymus and indicators of the immune status of patients with thymomas. The relationship was determined between the indicators of the phagocytic activity of granulocytic neutrophils and the activity of proteins of the complement system, as well as changes in the ratio of the subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes in patients with different types of thymomas. Lymphoepithelial thymoma is most widespread in male population in the age groups 40-59 and 20-39 years, and the lymphoid thymoma – in male population in the age group 20-39 years and female population in the age group 40-59 years. The significant decrease (p <0.05) in the mean value of the phagocytic index was revealed in group of patients with lymphoid thymomas. The subpopulations of T-lymphocytes CD3+ and CD4+ were significantly reduced (p <0.05) in group of patients with lymphoepithelial thymomas. The subpopulations of T-lymphocytes CD4+ and CD8+ were significantly reduced (p <0.05) in group of patients with lymphoid thymomas. The increasing of the mean values of markers CD16+ and CD19+ (p <0.05) in all study groups indicates that the processes of antibody production in patients with thymomas are activated regardless of the type of thymoma. Conclusion. The structure of thymus pathology in the population of the Kharkiv region is characterized by the predominance of tumor pathology in the general structure of thymus pathology, which is 51.3%. The lymphoepithelial and lymphoid thymomas are the most common tumors of the thymus and were recorded in 64.2% and 30.8% of patients with thymomas, respectively
TUMORS OF THE THYMUS