Level of advanced oxidation protein products is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis

Background Oxidative stress is an important factor in the pathomechanism of atherosclerosis. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are considered markers of oxidative stress. Thickening of the carotid intima-media layers indicates subclinical atherosclerosis and can be detected by carotid ultrasound. Objective Our aim was to examine the association between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the level of AOPPs. Methods Carotid duplex scans and measurements of AOPPs were performed on 476 participants of a cardiovascular population study. The presence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors was investigated with a questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Results There was a positive correlation between maximum CIMT and the level of AOPPs only in the male population (r = 0.219, p = 0.033). Multivariate analysis has revealed that the association between AOPPs and mean or maximum CIMT was independent of cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 1.458, p = 0.004, and OR = 2.038, p < 0.001). Conclusions Among males, the elevated level of AOPPs as a marker of oxidative stress may signal the existence of early atherosclerotic alterations.

Attempted Suicide in the Older Adults: A Case Series From the Psychiatry Ward of the University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità, Novara, Italy

Introduction: As suicide rates increase with age, it is mandatory to carefully assess old age suicidal behaviors. Our aim was to describe the main socio-demographic and clinical features of a sample of suicide attempters aged 65 years and older, and to assess differences within the sample (men vs. women; patients with vs. without a previous history of suicide attempt; patients with vs. without a previous psychiatric history).Methods: Retrospective study conducted at the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy.Results: A higher percentage of female patients in our sample were treated by or referred to mental health services, while a greater percentage of male patients required a prolonged clinical observation in the Emergency Room (ER) or in non-psychiatric wards before psychiatric admission. The percentage of patients without previous psychiatric history taking anxiolytic and sedative medications was 25%.Conclusion: It is likely that different clusters and types of suicide attempters exist. Women in our sample appeared more proactive in asking for help, and more likely to be already treated by or referred to a psychiatric service, suggesting the need to facilitate the access to psychiatric services for the male population aged 65 years and older, or to offer support and care for the non-psychiatric reasons (comorbidities, pain, and loss of autonomy) possibly underlying suicidal behavior in this specific group. The use of medications deserves more attention considering the possible critical diagnostic issues in this age group.

Prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in young people under 45 years of age with abdominal obesity in Siberia

Aim. To study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in young people aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk, as well as the prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in individuals with abdominal obesity.Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years. The screening examined 1,415 people, including 670 men and 745 women. For all individuals, we evaluated the presence of such conditions as abdominal obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), increased body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (according to validated epidemiologic and functional criteria with ECG findings classified according to the Minnesota Code), diabetes mellitus (DM), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), chronic bronchitis (CB), increased blood levels of total cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia).Results. The prevalence of AO in the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years was 42.4%: in men – 42.7%, in women – 42.1%. We found that AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH (odds ratio (OR) = 2.550, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.899–3.422, p = 0.0001), CB (OR = 1.830, CI 1.326–2.527, p = 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.486, CI 1.193–1.851, p = 0.0001), hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 1.527, CI 1.222–1.907, p = 0.0001) and a reverse effect on reduced GFR (OR = 0.603, CI 0.427–0.852, p = 0.004). In the male population under 45 years of age, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH, CB, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. In the female population under the age of 45, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of DM, AH, CB, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and a reverse effect on the reduced GFR development.Conclusion. Therefore, in the young Siberian population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity is associated with the development of common diseases and pathological conditions.

Exogenous and endogenous mortality parameters as indicators of the sanitary and epidemiological status of the population of the region

Introduction. The concepts of the epidemiological transition and types of population health are applied to analyzing and evaluating the sanitary and epidemiological status of the population. Materials and methods. For many years of mortality, the dynamics of the male population of the Irkutsk region standardized indicators were used (European age standard). For identifying trends of changing mortality rates, an analytical alignment of the time series was used. It was a linear model by EXCEL’s standard tools (Microsoft Office 2007). The significance of the trend equation was calculated using F-test in IBM SPSS Statistics 23 (p < 0,05). Results. It has been established that the formation of various types of pathology and caused by this pathology mortality occurred under the influence of factors of different nature in the process of changes in social, environmental, epidemiological situations in the region. In the 1990 th and the first half of the 2000 th, high mortality rates in the class of diseases of the circulatory system and the class of external causes of morbidity and mortality were determined mainly by psychosocial disadvantage factors. By the class of Diseases of the respiratory system, there was noted a steady decrease in mortality rate from chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract and pneumonia. It was probably due to an increase in the level and quality of medical care. A steady tendency to increase intensive and extensive mortality rates by class of Certain infectious and parasitic diseases was seen. That was caused by negative changes in infectious and epidemic processes under the influence of man-made pollution was noted. During 2005 - 2015 the digestive system’s share of the class of Diseases in the mortality structure increased. That is due to the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease, chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, complications of the ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Conclusion. The combination of the identified patterns of the formation of intensive and extensive mortality rates determined by exogenous and endogenous factors made it possible to characterize the situation in the Irkutsk region as a relative sanitary and epidemiological disadvantage of the population.

A Model-Based Framework to Identify Optimal Administration Protocols for Immunotherapies in Castration-Resistance Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequent cancer in male population. Androgen deprivation therapy is the first-line strategy for the metastatic stage of the disease, but, inevitably, PCa develops resistance to castration (CRPC), becoming incurable. In recent years, clinical trials are testing the efficacy of anti-CTLA4 on CRPC. However, this tumor seems to be resistant to immunotherapies that are very effective in other types of cancers, and, so far, only the dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T has been approved. In this work, we employ a mathematical model of CRPC to determine the optimal administration protocol of ipilimumab, a particular anti-CTLA4, as single treatment or in combination with the sipuleucel-T, by considering both the effect on tumor population and the drug toxicity. To this end, we first introduce a dose-depending function of toxicity, estimated from experimental data, then we define two different optimization problems. We show the results obtained by imposing different constraints, and how these change by varying drug efficacy. Our results suggest administration of high-doses for a brief period, which is predicted to be more efficient than solutions with prolonged low-doses. The model also highlights a synergy between ipilimumab and sipuleucel-T, which leads to a better tumor control with lower doses of ipilimumab. Finally, tumor eradication is also conceivable, but it depends on patient-specific parameters.

Varicose veins: a clinical profile

Background: The CEAP classification includes classifying varicose veins on the basis of their clinical, etiological, anatomical and pathophysiological classification.Methods: It was a prospective study of 50 patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Kamothe, Maharashtra with varicose veins over a period of 2 years (November 2019 to November 2021). Institute Ethics Committee approval was obtained before start of study. All patients clinically diagnosed of symptomatic or complicated primary lower limb varicose veins with saphenofemoral and/or sapheno-popliteal incompetence with or without perforator incompetence were included. All cases with recurrent varicose veins were excluded. Result was tabulated and analysed at the end of the study using IBM SPSS software.Results: The age group with maximum varicose vein was between 21-30 years and incidence being more common in male population. The majority of the patients had massive varicose veins (C2). Pain was the most frequent presenting symptom. The majority of the study group had both saphenofemoral junction and perforator incompetence. Primary varicose veins are far more common (76%) than secondary and congenital varicose veins.Conclusions: Varicose veins are highly common in the Indian population. The CEAP classification has been a major contributor to advances in the field of varicose veins since its inception, and it has now become universally accepted due to its simplicity and reliability.

Pattern of road traffic injuries among individuals attending a rural health training center in Tamil Nadu

Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a leading public health problem. Approximately 1.3 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes as of June 2021. RTIs cause considerable economic losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. 93% of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the pattern of RTIs among individuals attending a rural health training center in Tamil Nadu.Methods: The present study was a record based cross sectional study comprising of 113 patients who attended an outpatient department in rural health training center in Tamil Nadu from January 2021 to June 2021.We collected socio-demographic data (age and sex) and pattern of injuries from the database. We entered data in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.Results: Mean (±SD) age of the patients was 34.2(±18.46) years. Most common pattern of injury was abrasion 98 (86.7%), followed by contusion 28 (24.8%) and laceration 14 (12.4%) respectively. Most RTIs required dressing 106 (93.8%) while 13 (11.5%) needed suturing.Conclusions: The present study showed that RTIs were more common in the younger male population. Abrasion was the most common type of injury reported.

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Update on the Management of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Current Evidence and Unmet Needs

Azoospermia, defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate after examination of the centrifuged specimens, affects about 1% of the male population and 10–15% of infertile men [...]