Studying the Effects of Elevated Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide on Lichens Using Open Top Chambers

2002 ◽  
pp. 212-223
Author(s):  
Zoltán Tuba ◽  
Edit Ötvös ◽  
Attila Sóvári
1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Carter ◽  
Joanne Rebbeck ◽  
Kevin E. Percy

Seedlings of Liriodendrontulipifera L. and PinusstrobusL. were grown in open-top chambers in the field to determine leaf optical responses to increased ozone (O3) or O3 and carbon dioxide (CO2). In both species, seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air, air with 1.3 times ambient O3 concentrations (1.3×), or air with 1.3 times ambient O3 and 700 μL•L−1 CO2 (1.3× + CO2). Exposure to 1.3× increased reflectance in the 633–697 nm range in L. tulipifera. Also, 1.3× decreased transmittance within the 400–420 nm range, increased transmittance at 686–691 nm, and decreased absorptance at 655–695 nm. With 700 μL•L−1 CO2, O3 did not affect reflectance in L. tulipifera, but decreased transmittance and increased absorptance within the 400–421 nm range and increased transmittance and decreased absorptance in the 694–697 nm range. Under 1.3×, reflectance in P. strobus was not affected. However, 1.3× + CO2 increased pine reflectance in the 538–647, 650, and 691–716 nm ranges. Transmittances and absorptances were not determined for P. strobus. Reflectance in both species, and transmittance and absorptance in L. tulipifera, were most sensitive to O3 near 695 nm. Reflectance at 695 nm, but particularly the ratio of reflectance at 695 nm to reflectance at 760 nm, was related closely to ozone-induced decreases in leaf chlorophyll contents, particularly chlorophyll a (r = 0.82).


2001 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lawson ◽  
J Craigon ◽  
C.R Black ◽  
J.J Colls ◽  
A.-M Tulloch ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kull ◽  
A. Sober ◽  
M.D. Coleman ◽  
R.E. Dickson ◽  
J.G. Isebrands ◽  
...  

Current projections indicate steady increases in both trophospheric ozone and carbon dioxide well into the next century with concurrent increases in plant stress. Because information about effects of these interacting stresses on forest trees is limited, we have conducted ozone and carbon dioxide experiments using ozone-tolerant and ozone-sensitive trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) clones (clones 216 and 259, respectively). Aspen plants were grown either in pots (square-wave study) or in the ground (episodic study) in open-top chambers. Plants in the square-wave study were exposed for a single growing season to charcoal-filtered air (CF) or to CF plus elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), or O3 plus CO2 (O3 + CO2). Plants in the episodic study were exposed for three growing seasons to CF, twice simulated ambient (2x) O3 (2x O3), or 2x O3 plus CO, (2x O3 + CO2). Photosynthetic measurements were made either in the open-top chambers at treatment CO2 concentrations or in controlled-environment cuvettes with various CO2 concentrations, producing assimilation versus intercellular CO2 concentration (A/Ci) curves. Ozone decreased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance and accelerated leaf senescence. Elevated CO2 increased photosynthetic rate and decreased stomatal conductance when measured at treatment CO2 concentrations, and exacerbated the negative effect of O3 on photosynthesis. For example, for clone 259, photosynthesis decreased 9% for the O3 treatment compared with the CF treatment, but decreased 24% for the O3 + CO2 treatment compared with the CF treatment. Similar decreases for clone 216 of 2% and 6% for O3 and O3 + CO2, respectively, were not significant. A/Ci curves showed that O3 decreased carboxylation efficiency and maximum photosynthetic rate and that photosynthetic inhibition in response to O3 was greater with elevated CO2. The simultaneous declines in all factors of photosynthetic gas exchange measurements suggest that the equilibrium between stomatal conductance, carboxylation, and light harvesting systems was not disrupted by O3 and O3× CO2 interactions. Carbon dioxide did not ameliorate the detrimental effects of O3 on the leaf photosynthetic apparatus. In fact, the O3-tolerant clone appeared more sensitive to O3 with elevated CO2.


2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Messerli ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Yves Castonguay ◽  
...  

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