Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Higher Plants

1992 ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants

scholarly journals Accelerated molecular breeding of novel cytoplasmic male sterility lines in rice using orfH79 or orf290 haplotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Tan ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Ze Tian ◽  
Jiayang Li ◽  
Xuequn Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Maintainer Line ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Aa Genome ◽  
Allele Variation ◽  
Grain Security

Abstract The identification and development of new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines in higher plants is important for the preservation of grain security and the prevention of homogenization of hybrid rice. Molecular markers assisted selection (MAS) based on CMS-associated genes or mitochondrial-specific chimeric sequences are important for rapid and effective breeding of new CMS lines and hybrids. In our study, the distribution and allele variation of orfH79 and orf290 genes were characterized from 273 wild and cultivated rice in the AA genome species. Based on the alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, four accessions with orfH79 and three accessions with orf290 were screened. Four novel CMS lines carrying orfH79 haplotypes and three novel CMS lines carrying orf290 haplotypes were then developed using multiple backcross generations with a maintainer line under MAS. The breeding process used in our study provides an efficient and feasible approach for selecting new CMS lines. CMS lines selected in our study are important for enriching rice germplasm resources and guaranteeing rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genomes organization in alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with various types of cytoplasmic male sterility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Makarenko ◽  
Igor Kornienko ◽  
Kirill Azarin ◽  
Alexander Usatov ◽  
Maria Logacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Fertile Line

Background. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common phenotype in higher plants, which often is associated with rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is widely used to produce hybrid seeds in a variety of valuable crop species. The CMS phenomenon investigations are also promote understanding of a fundamental issue of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in the ontogeny of higher plants. In the present study, we analyzed the structural changes in mitochondrial genomes of three alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The investigation was focused on CMS line PET2, as there are very few reports about its mtDNA organization. Methods. The NGS sequencing, de novo assembly, and annotation of sunflower mitochondrial genomes were performed. The comparative analysis of mtDNA of HA89 fertile line and two HA89 CMS lines (PET1, PET2) occurred. Results. The mtDNA of the HA89 fertile line was almost identical to the HA412 line (NC_023337). The comparative analysis of HA89 fertile and CMS (PET1) analog mitochondrial genomes revealed 11852 bp inversion, 4732 bp insertion, 451 bp deletion and 18 variant sites. In mtDNA of HA89 (PET2) CMS line 77 kb translocation, 711 bp and 3780 bp deletions, as well as 1558 bp, 5050 bp, 14330 bp insertions were determined. There are also revealed 83 polymorphic sites sites in the PET2 mitochondrial genome, as compared with the fertile line Discussion. Among the revealed rearrangements the 1558 bp insertion resulted in new open reading frames formation - orf228 and orf246. The orf228 and orf246 could be the main reason for the development of PET2 CMS phenotype, whereas the role of other mtDNA reorganizations in CMS formation is negligible.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genomes organization in alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with various types of cytoplasmic male sterility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Makarenko ◽  
Igor Kornienko ◽  
Kirill Azarin ◽  
Alexander Usatov ◽  
Maria Logacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Fertile Line

Background. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common phenotype in higher plants, which often is associated with rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is widely used to produce hybrid seeds in a variety of valuable crop species. The CMS phenomenon investigations are also promote understanding of a fundamental issue of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in the ontogeny of higher plants. In the present study, we analyzed the structural changes in mitochondrial genomes of three alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The investigation was focused on CMS line PET2, as there are very few reports about its mtDNA organization. Methods. The NGS sequencing, de novo assembly, and annotation of sunflower mitochondrial genomes were performed. The comparative analysis of mtDNA of HA89 fertile line and two HA89 CMS lines (PET1, PET2) occurred. Results. The mtDNA of the HA89 fertile line was almost identical to the HA412 line (NC_023337). The comparative analysis of HA89 fertile and CMS (PET1) analog mitochondrial genomes revealed 11852 bp inversion, 4732 bp insertion, and 18 variant sites. In mtDNA of HA89 (PET2) CMS line 5050 bp and 5.9 kb insertions, as well as 0.95 kb and 3.8 kb deletions, were determined. There are also revealed 83 polymorphic sites in the PET2 mitochondrial genome, as compared with the fertile line. Discussion. Among the revealed rearrangements the 5.9 kb insertion results in putative orf1053 – coxI-atp6 chimeric protein, which could be the main reason for CMS phenotype development, whereas the role of other mtDNA reorganizations in CMS formation is negligible.

scholarly journals High-generation near-isogenic lines combined with multi-omics to study the mechanism of polima cytoplasmic male sterility

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benqi Wang ◽  
Zunaira Farooq ◽  
Lei Chu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Huadong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Restorer Gene ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Oil Seed ◽  
Oil Seed Rape ◽  
Sterility Gene

Abstract Background Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), which naturally exists in higher plants, is a useful mechanism for analyzing nuclear and mitochondrial genome functions and identifying the role of mitochondrial genes in the plant growth and development. Polima (pol) CMS is the most universally valued male sterility type in oil-seed rape. Previous studies have described the pol CMS restorer gene Rfp and the sterility-inducing gene orf224 in oil-seed rape, located in mitochondria. However, the mechanism of fertility restoration and infertility remains unknown. Moreover, it is still unknown how the fecundity restorer gene interferes with the sterility gene, provokes the sterility gene to lose its function, and leads to fertility restoration. Result In this study, we used multi-omics joint analysis to discover candidate genes that interact with the sterility gene orf224 and the restorer gene Rfp of pol CMS to provide theoretical support for the occurrence and restoration mechanisms of sterility. Via multi-omics analysis, we screened 24 differential genes encoding proteins related to RNA editing, respiratory electron transport chain, anther development, energy transport, tapetum development, and oxidative phosphorylation. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we obtained a total of seven Rfp interaction proteins, with orf224 protein covering five interaction proteins. Conclusions We propose that Rfp and its interacting protein cleave the transcript of atp6/orf224, causing the infertility gene to lose its function and restore fertility. When Rfp is not cleaved, orf224 poisons the tapetum cells and anther development-related proteins, resulting in pol CMS mitochondrial dysfunction and male infertility. The data from the joint analysis of multiple omics provided information on pol CMS’s potential molecular mechanism and will help breed B. napus hybrids.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genomes organization in alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with various types of cytoplasmic male sterility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Makarenko ◽  
Igor Kornienko ◽  
Kirill Azarin ◽  
Alexander Usatov ◽  
Maria Logacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Fertile Line

Background. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common phenotype in higher plants, which often is associated with rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is widely used to produce hybrid seeds in a variety of valuable crop species. The CMS phenomenon investigations are also promote understanding of a fundamental issue of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in the ontogeny of higher plants. In the present study, we analyzed the structural changes in mitochondrial genomes of three alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The investigation was focused on CMS line PET2, as there are very few reports about its mtDNA organization. Methods. The NGS sequencing, de novo assembly, and annotation of sunflower mitochondrial genomes were performed. The comparative analysis of mtDNA of HA89 fertile line and two HA89 CMS lines (PET1, PET2) occurred. Results. The mtDNA of the HA89 fertile line was almost identical to the HA412 line (NC_023337). The comparative analysis of HA89 fertile and CMS (PET1) analog mitochondrial genomes revealed 11852 bp inversion, 4732 bp insertion, 451 bp deletion and 18 variant sites. In mtDNA of HA89 (PET2) CMS line 77 kb translocation, 711 bp and 3780 bp deletions, as well as 1558 bp, 5050 bp, 14330 bp insertions were determined. There are also revealed 83 polymorphic sites sites in the PET2 mitochondrial genome, as compared with the fertile line Discussion. Among the revealed rearrangements the 1558 bp insertion resulted in new open reading frames formation - orf228 and orf246. The orf228 and orf246 could be the main reason for the development of PET2 CMS phenotype, whereas the role of other mtDNA reorganizations in CMS formation is negligible.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genomes organization in alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) with various types of cytoplasmic male sterility

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim S. Makarenko ◽  
Igor V. Kornienko ◽  
Kirill V. Azarin ◽  
Alexander V. Usatov ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Fertile Line

BackgroundCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common phenotype in higher plants, that is often associated with rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is widely used to produce hybrid seeds in a variety of valuable crop species. Investigation of the CMS phenomenon promotes understanding of fundamental issues of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in the ontogeny of higher plants. In the present study, we analyzed the structural changes in mitochondrial genomes of three alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.). The investigation was focused on CMS line PET2, as there are very few reports about its mtDNA organization.MethodsThe NGS sequencing,de novoassembly, and annotation of sunflower mitochondrial genomes were performed. The comparative analysis of mtDNA of HA89 fertile line and two HA89 CMS lines (PET1, PET2) occurred.ResultsThe mtDNA of the HA89 fertile line was almost identical to the HA412 line (NC_023337). The comparative analysis of HA89 fertile and CMS (PET1) analog mitochondrial genomes revealed 11,852 bp inversion, 4,732 bp insertion, 451 bp deletion and 18 variant sites. In the mtDNA of HA89 (PET2) CMS line we determined 27.5 kb and 106.5 kb translocations, 711 bp and 3,780 bp deletions, as well as, 5,050 bp and 15,885 bp insertions. There are also 83 polymorphic sites in the PET2 mitochondrial genome, as compared with the fertile line.DiscussionThe observed mitochondrial reorganizations in PET1 resulted in only one new open reading frame formation (orfH522), and PET2 mtDNA rearrangements led to the elimination oforf777, duplication ofatp6gene and appearance of four new ORFs with transcription activity specific for the HA89 (PET2) CMS line—orf645,orf2565,orf228andorf285.Orf228andorf285are theatp9chimeric ORFs, containing transmembrane domains and possibly may impact on mitochondrial membrane potential. Soorf228andorf285may be the cause for the appearance of the PET2 CMS phenotype, while the contribution of other mtDNA reorganizations in CMS formation is negligible.

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Higher Plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
M. Spassova ◽  
H. John ◽  
J. Nijkamp ◽  
J. Hille
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants
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