The Facial Nerve in Congenital Ear Malformations

1994 ◽  
pp. 299-301
Author(s):  
R. A. Jahrsdoerfer ◽  
A. M. Gillenwater
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Ear Malformations

High-resolution computed tomography evaluation of congenital aural atresia – how useful is this?

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 610-622
Author(s):  
R Gautam ◽  
J Kumar ◽  
G S Pradhan ◽  
J C Passey ◽  
R Meher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Aural Atresia ◽  
Ear Malformations ◽  
Congenital Aural Atresia ◽  
Bone Abnormalities

AbstractObjectiveTo depict various temporal bone abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography in congenital aural atresia patients, and correlate these findings with auditory function test results and microtia subgroup.MethodsForty patients (56 ears) with congenital malformation of the auricle and/or external auditory canal were evaluated. Auricles were graded according to Marx's classification, divided into subgroups of minor (grades I and II) and major (III and IV) microtia. Other associated anomalies of the external auditory canal, tympanic cavity, ossicular status, oval and round windows, facial nerve, and inner ear were evaluated.ResultsMinor and major microtia were observed in 53.6 and 46.4 per cent of ears respectively. Mean hearing levels were 62.47 and 62.37 dB respectively (p = 0.98). The malleus was the most commonly dysplastic ossicle (73.3 vs 80.8 per cent of ears respectively, p = 0.53). Facial nerve (mastoid segment) abnormalities were associated (p = 0.04) with microtia subgroup (80 vs 100 per cent in minor vs major subgroups).ConclusionMicrotia grade was not significantly associated with mean hearing levels or other ear malformations, except for external auditory canal and facial nerve (mastoid segment) anomalies. High-resolution computed tomography is essential in congenital aural atresia, before management strategy is decided.

scholarly journals Severe and persistent facial nerve stimulation after cochlear implantation in a patient with cochlear–facial dehiscence: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052110578
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Chen ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Yongxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Ear Malformations ◽  
Facial Nerve Stimulation

Generally, cochlear implants (CIs) are effective in helping patients improve their hearing performance; however, some patients have poor hearing performance owing to facial nerve stimulation (FNS), which is often associated with cochlear anomalies. We report a case with a normal cochlea and severe and persistent FNS owing to cochlear–facial dehiscence (CFD) that affected the CI outcomes. Preoperatively, a careful review of the computed tomography images before CI surgery is necessary not only for patients with otosclerosis and inner ear malformations but also for patients with normal cochlear structures because facial nerve anomalies could be present.

Sequential Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in a Child with Severe External, Middle, and Inner Ear Malformations: Surgical Considerations and Practical Aspects

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dejun Zhang ◽  
Yongyi Yuan ◽  
Yu Su ◽  
Guojian Wang ◽  
Chang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Inner Ear Malformations ◽  
Facial Nerve Monitoring ◽  
Ear Malformations

Cochlear implantation (CI) is a safe and beneficial surgery for children with congenital inner ear malformations, with the exception of cochlear nerve aplasia. The combination of microtia with middle and inner ear abnormalities is extremely uncommon and sufficiently severe to make a surgical approach to the cochlea difficult. We report herein the case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, congenital aural atresia, microtia, and inner ear malformations. High-resolution computed tomography revealed poor development of the bilateral middle ear spaces, absence of the incus and stapes, aberrant courses of facial nerves, aplastic lateral semicircular canals, and covered round windows. With intraoperative imaging assistance, sequential bilateral CI was performed using a transmastoid approach with no complication. We propose that CI is feasible in patients with severe external and middle ear malformations. However, major malformations increase the risk of complications. As the facial nerve and cochlea are difficult to locate due to the lack of important anatomical landmarks, detailed planning and adequate preparation, including review of the preoperative imaging data, and the use of facial nerve monitoring and intraoperative imaging are very important. In addition, experienced surgeons should perform CI to ensure the success of the operation.

THE FACIAL NERVE IN CONGENITAL MIDDLE EAR MALFORMATIONS

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217???1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. JAHRSDOERFER
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Ear Malformations

Cochlear Implantation in Inner Ear Malformations: Systematic Review of Speech Perception Outcomes and Intraoperative Findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Farhood ◽  
Shaun A. Nguyen ◽  
Stephen C. Miller ◽  
Meredith A. Holcomb ◽  
Ted A. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Inner Ear Malformations ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Ear Malformations ◽  
The Impact

Objective (1) To analyze reported speech perception outcomes in patients with inner ear malformations who undergo cochlear implantation, (2) to review the surgical complications and findings, and (3) to compare the 2 classification systems of Jackler and Sennaroglu. Data Sources PubMed, Scopus (including Embase), Medline, and CINAHL Plus. Review Methods Fifty-nine articles were included that contained speech perception and/or intraoperative data. Cases were differentiated depending on whether the Jackler or Sennaroglu malformation classification was used. A meta-analysis of proportions examined incidences of complete insertion, gusher, and facial nerve aberrancy. For speech perception data, weighted means and standard deviations were calculated for all malformations for short-, medium-, and long-term follow-up. Speech tests were grouped into 3 categories—closed-set words, open-set words, and open-set sentences—and then compared through a comparison-of-means t test. Results Complete insertion was seen in 81.8% of all inner ear malformations (95% CI: 72.6-89.5); gusher was reported in 39.1% of cases (95% CI: 30.3-48.2); and facial nerve anomalies were encountered in 34.4% (95% CI: 20.1-50.3). Significant improvements in average performance were seen for closed- and open-set tests across all malformation types at 12 months postoperatively. Conclusions Cochlear implantation outcomes are favorable for those with inner ear malformations from a surgical and speech outcome standpoint. Accurate classification of anatomic malformations, as well as standardization of postimplantation speech outcomes, is necessary to improve understanding of the impact of implantation in this difficult patient population.

Analysis of inner ear malformations associated with a facial nerve anomaly in 653 children fitted with a cochlear implant

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie Coudert ◽  
Stephanie Vigier ◽  
Aurelien Scalabre ◽  
Ruben Hermann ◽  
Sonia Ayari-Khalfallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Inner Ear Malformations ◽  
Ear Malformations

Vitamin A-Induced Ear Malformations in Rats as a Model for Analysis of Atresia Auris Congenita a Microsurgical and Histological Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Weidenbecher
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Functional Disturbance ◽  
Ear Malformations ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Atresia Auris Congenita ◽  
Atresia Auris

Teratogenic damage was induced in pregnant Wistar rats with an overdose of vitamin A to clarify the genesis of the atresia plate, the behavior of the facial nerve, and the rotation of the middle ear. Results suggested that contradictory statements in the literature concerning the atresia plate could be explained in the following way: the plate does not arise from a single branchial arch. The os tympanicum, the pars squamosa of the temporal bone, and the hyperplastic labyrinthine capsule share in its formation. Findings similar to the human atresia auris congenita, such as malformation of the auricle, atresia of the external ear canal, and changes in the ossicles and lumen of the middle ear space, were obtained. A cranial and labyrinthine dysmorphia leads to rotation of the middle ear and a walling-in of the facial nerve, which explains its functional disturbance. Extreme variations in the course of the facial nerve were not found. In 62 cases of severe human ear malformation, the operative findings corresponded to the experimentally produced ear malformations.

Malformazioni dell'orecchio nelle anomalie congenite cranio-facciali

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Calzolari ◽  
E. Sarti ◽  
A. Sensi ◽  
G. Garani ◽  
L. Clauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
High Resolution Ct ◽  
Inner Ear Malformations ◽  
Ear Malformations

The aim of this study is to describe external, middle and inner ear malformations in children with congenital craniofacial abnormalities. Seventeen patients with craniofacial and external ear anomalies, aged between 12 days and 15 years (mean 3.4 years), were studied. The majority of children had conductive hearing loss. High-resolution CT of the petrous bone was performed in all cases; in 9 cases three-dimensional reconstructions were done. For each child CT findings of external, middle, inner ear, facial nerve and skull base were analysed. Ear malformations have been correlated with anomalies of the auricle. The most serious auricular anomalies were more frequently associated with external auditory canal atresia, dysplasia of the tympanic cavity and malleo-incudal joint and aberration of the mastoid segment of the facial nerve. These anomalies are probably related through a common embryological origin. Inner ear malformations were diagnosed more rarely, but we emphasize that these malformations are more frequent in “syndromic” forms with craniofacial abnormalities rather than in isolated anomalies of the auricle; it is very important because inner ear abnormalities are considered a contraindication to functional surgery in patients with atresia. Diagnostic imaging is useful for an early and complete characterization of the craniofacial and ear malformations; a precise analysis of the ear abnormalities is necessary to give an indication for the eventual audiological treatment. High-resolution CT is the method of choice for the analysis of the external and middle ear; CT and MR should be integrated for the study of the inner ear and facial nerve. CT and MR are helpful to determine the extent of craniofacial abnormalities; MR should be done when encephalic malformations are suspected. Finally, three-dimensional CT is useful for the maxillofacial surgeon to plan surgical treatment.

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