General Theory of Reaction Rates

Measurement was made of the rate of delignification of sprucewood with lithium, barium, sodium, potassium, and tetra-ethyl ammonium hydroxides under closely controlled conditions of temperature and concentration. The reaction rates were compared with the ionic mobilities and adsorption coefficients of the different alkalis. Methanol, ethanol, and glycerol were used as solvents.From these results a mechanism is suggested, according to which adsorption of alkali at the reaction interface is the determining factor in setting the rate of delignification. The rate is also dependent on the specific nature of the alkali cation and varies with the temperature in accordance with the general theory of thermal activation.

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General Theory of Bimolecular Reaction Rates in Solids and Liquids

The Journal of Chemical Physics ◽

10.1063/1.1744051 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 103-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 196

Author(s):

T. R. Waite

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Reaction Rates ◽

Bimolecular Reaction

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Extreme self-sacrifice beyond fusion: Moral expansiveness and the special case of allyship

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Crimston ◽

Matthew J. Hornsey

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Biological Markers ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Relevant Dimension ◽

Special Case

AbstractAs a general theory of extreme self-sacrifice, Whitehouse's article misses one relevant dimension: people's willingness to fight and die in support of entities not bound by biological markers or ancestral kinship (allyship). We discuss research on moral expansiveness, which highlights individuals’ capacity to self-sacrifice for targets that lie outside traditional in-group markers, including racial out-groups, animals, and the natural environment.

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SEM analysis of the change in the reaction rates with deposit structures in the copper-iron cementation system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109422 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 456-457

Author(s):

V. Annamalai ◽

L.E. Murr

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Secondary Electron Emission ◽

Copper Deposit ◽

Reaction Rates ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Emission Mode ◽

Scrap Iron ◽

Image Position

Economical recovery of copper metal from leach liquors has been carried out by the simple process of cementing copper onto a suitable substrate metal, such as scrap-iron, since the 16th century. The process has, however, a major drawback of consuming more iron than stoichiometrically needed by the reaction.Therefore, many research groups started looking into the process more closely. Though it is accepted that the structural characteristics of the resultant copper deposit cause changes in reaction rates for various experimental conditions, not many systems have been systematically investigated. This paper examines the deposit structures and the kinetic data, and explains the correlations between them.A simple cementation cell along with rotating discs of pure iron (99.9%) were employed in this study to obtain the kinetic results The resultant copper deposits were studied in a Hitachi Perkin-Elmer HHS-2R scanning electron microscope operated at 25kV in the secondary electron emission mode.

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