Toolpack — An Integrated System of Tools for Mathematical Software Development

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Currently, each planetary exploration mission team always develops its own software modules to support the photogrammetric processing of planetary images, and as a result of that the main drawbacks are lacking software reusability and the high cost of software development and maintenance. This is mainly due to that there is lack of a highly universal sensor model in the planetary mapping community. This paper presents a generic rigorous sensor model (RSM) for the photogrammetric processing of pushbroom planetary images. The main contributions of this paper include: (1) the implementation details of the generic RSM; (2) the optimized coordinates transformation methods between 3D ground points and 2D image points for linear pushbroom images; (3) a pipeline to acquire exterior orientation (EO) parameters for each planetary image. The generic RSM is developed based on the methodology used in airborne linear scanners ADS40. Specifically, the generic RSM comprises of a camera file and an orientation data file for each image. The camera file stores each detector’s calibrated image coordinates and the orientation data file contains each scan line’s EO parameters, such that the RSM can perform coordinates transformation among pixel coordinates, focal plane coordinates and ground coordinates. Furthermore, the generic RSM supports varying exposure time, summing mode and image distortions, which are typical problems that need to be solved in planetary mapping. We tested the generic RSM with Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC), Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) and Mars Express (MEX) High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images. The geometric accuracy and computational efficiency of the developed generic RSM were compared with the famous planetary mapping software, namely Integrated System for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS). The experimental results demonstrate that the generic RSM has the merits of processing various types of pushbroom planetary images with a unified way and decreasing the software development and maintenance burden. Moreover, the developed generic RSM significantly improves the computational efficiency of orthophoto generation and tie points extraction for pushbroom planetary images.</p>

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FR-IR Molecular Microanalysis System

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134958 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 270-271

Author(s):

John A. Reffner ◽

William T. Wihlborg

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared ◽

Integrated System ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Ir Microscopy ◽

Normal Functions ◽

Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Ft Ir

The IRμs™ is the first fully integrated system for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. FT-IR microscopy combines light microscopy for morphological examination with infrared spectroscopy for chemical identification of microscopic samples or domains. Because the IRμs system is a new tool for molecular microanalysis, its optical, mechanical and system design are described to illustrate the state of development of molecular microanalysis. Applications of infrared microspectroscopy are reviewed by Messerschmidt and Harthcock.Infrared spectral analysis of microscopic samples is not a new idea, it dates back to 1949, with the first commercial instrument being offered by Perkin-Elmer Co. Inc. in 1953. These early efforts showed promise but failed the test of practically. It was not until the advances in computer science were applied did infrared microspectroscopy emerge as a useful technique. Microscopes designed as accessories for Fourier transform infrared spectrometers have been commercially available since 1983. These accessory microscopes provide the best means for analytical spectroscopists to analyze microscopic samples, while not interfering with the FT-IR spectrometer’s normal functions.

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Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146047 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 40-41

Author(s):

Frank J. Longo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Integrated System ◽

Electrophysiological Recording ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

The Status ◽

Sperm Membrane ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

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