Negative Ions in the Gas Phase

1992 ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Illenberger ◽  
Jacques Momigny
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Negative Ions

Ion chemistry of second-row transition metals in hydrocarbon flames: cations and anions of Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2263-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C.Y. Chow ◽  
John M. Goodings
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Flames

A pair of laminar, premixed, CH4–O2 flames above 2000 K at atmospheric pressure, one fuel-rich (FR) and the other fuel-lean (FL), were doped with ~10−6 mol fraction of the second-row transition metals Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo. Since these hydrocarbon flames contain natural ionization, metallic ions were produced in the flames by the chemical ionization (CI) of metallic neutral species, primarily by H3O+ and OH− as CI sources. Both positive and negative ions of the metals were observed as profiles of ion concentration versus distance along the flame axis by sampling the flames through a nozzle into a mass spectrometer. For yttrium, the observed ions include the YO+•nH2O (n = 0–3) series, and Y(OH)4−. With zirconium, they include the ZrO(OH)+•nH2O (n = 0–2) series, and ZrO(OH)3−. Those observed with niobium were the cations Nb(OH)3+ and Nb(OH)4+, and the single anion NbO2(OH)2−. For molybdenum, they include the cations MoO(OH)2+ and MoO(OH)3+, and the anions MoO3− and MoO3(OH)−. Not every ion was observed in each flame; the FL flame tended to favour the ions in higher oxidation states. Also, flame ions in higher oxidation states were emphasized for these second-row transition metals compared with their first-row counterparts. Some ions written as members of hydrate series may have structures different from those of simple hydrates; e.g., YO+•H2O = Y(OH)2+ and ZrO(OH)+•H2O = Zr(OH)3+, etc. The ion chemistry for the production of these ions by CI in flames is discussed in detail. Keywords: transition metals, ions, flame, gas phase, negative ions.

Gas-phase chemistry of the negative ions derived from azo- and hydrazobenzene

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Ingemann ◽  
Roel H. Fokkens ◽  
Nico M. M. Nibbering
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Gas Phase Chemistry ◽  
Phase Chemistry

Formation of gas-phase negative ions in vinylene carbonate

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Compton ◽  
P.W. Reinhardt ◽  
H.C. Schweinler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Vinylene Carbonate

Carbanion Rearrangements in the Gas Phase: The Unusual Claisen Rearrangement of Deprotonated Allyl Vinyl Ether

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
PCH Eichinger ◽  
JH Bowie
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Claisen Rearrangement ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Wittig Rearrangement ◽  
Major Reaction

Allyl vinyl ether is reported to undergo a facile Wittig rearrangement to yield penta-1,4-dien-3-ol under base- catalysed conditions in the condensed phase. In marked contrast, the Wittig rearrangement is not a major reaction in the gas phase. Instead, initial rearrangement occurs by a Claisen process and subsequent fragmentations involve some of the most complex interconversions yet proposed for negative ions.

Vanadium Hydroxide Cluster Ions in the Gas Phase: Bond-Forming Reactions of Doubly-Charged Negative Ions by SO2 -Promoted V−O Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (49) ◽  
pp. 11752-11756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Troiani ◽  
Marzio Rosi ◽  
Stefania Garzoli ◽  
Chiara Salvitti ◽  
Giulia de Petris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Bond Forming Reactions ◽  
Doubly Charged

Reactions of negative ions in the gas phase

2007 ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Bowie ◽  
V. C. Trenerry ◽  
G. Klass
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Negative Ions

scholarly journals Gas-phase chemiluminescence of reactive negative ions evolved through corona discharge in air and O2 atmospheres

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 15926-15930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingkun Zhang ◽  
Yongzan Zheng ◽  
Xiangnan Dou ◽  
Syed Niaz Ali Shah ◽  
Jin-Ming Lin
Keyword(s):  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Chemiluminescence Method

The reactive performance of negative ions evolved in air and O2 atmospheres through a gas-phase chemiluminescence method was investigated.

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