Renal excretion and plasma levels of dihydrodigitoxin in volunteers and renally healthy and renally insufficient patients being treated with digitoxin

Simultaneous thiamin and creatinine clearance determinations in unanesthetized dogs revealed a pattern of excretion characteristic of a substance actively excreted by the renal tubules. The maximum tubular excretory capacity per minute (Tm) calculated at high thiamin plasma levels was negative, unless a correction factor (FW) of 0.63, calculated from the clearance values, was applied. Under these conditions, the mean Tm value was 1463 µg/min. By means of perfusion experiments on isolated dog kidneys it was shown that there was very little or no protein binding of thiamin. In extraction-ratio determinations on unanesthetized dogs it was shown that thiamin was not destroyed by the kidney and that the extraction of thiamin and PAH were similar. At varying urine flows with high thiamin plasma levels, a correlation between water reabsorption and thiamin excretion could be observed, suggesting the occurrence of back-diffusion of thiamin under these conditions.

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Effects of verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine on plasma levels and renal excretion of digitoxin

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1038/clpt.1985.243 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 667-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

J Kuhlmann

Keyword(s):

Plasma Levels ◽

Renal Excretion

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Minor contribution of biliary excretion in lithium elimination in rats

Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy ◽

10.1515/dmdi-2014-0033 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yuichi Uwai ◽

Tatsuya Kawasaki ◽

Tomohiro Nabekura

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Renal Clearance ◽

Biliary Excretion ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Renal Excretion ◽

Femoral Vein ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Biliary Clearance ◽

Minor Contribution

AbstractLithium, which is often used for the treatment of bipolar disorders, is mainly recovered into urine after being orally administered. Due to the fact that it is completely absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract, it remains unknown whether biliary excretion is involved in the lithium disposition. In this study, we examined biliary excretion of lithium in rats and compared these with renal excretion.After the injection of lithium chloride to femoral vein, plasma levels and excretion into urine and bile of lithium were evaluated.After its intravenous administration as a bolus, the plasma concentration of lithium decreased time-dependently. Until 60 min, 6.47% and 0.694% of injected lithium were excreted into urine and bile, respectively. The biliary clearance of lithium was calculated to be 0.0779 mL/min/kg, and this was 11.3% of the renal clearance.These findings suggest the low ability of the liver to eliminate lithium from plasma in comparison with the kidney in rats.

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Renal excretion of nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.3.580 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 197 (3) ◽

pp. 580-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mary F. Paul ◽

Raymond C. Bender ◽

Esther G. Nohle

Keyword(s):

Plasma Level ◽

Intravenous Administration ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Renal Excretion ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Tubular Secretion ◽

Tubular Reabsorption ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Per Oral

Renal clearance of nitrofurantoin at various plasma levels was determined in the white rat. The clearance ratios (nitrofurantoin/inulin) exhibited a curvilinear relationship with the plasma level of the drug. The excretion of nitrofurantoin was found to be dependent upon the three following factors: glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption. The clearance of nitrofurantoin was not affected by urine flow nor by concurrent PAH administration. It was increased by acetazolamide and decreased slightly by probenecid. Thirty to forty per cent of the dose was recovered in the urine of rats or dogs after either per oral or intravenous administration. Rapid distribution of the drug was indicated by low plasma concentrations following intravenous administration.

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Extrasplanchnic effect of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) on plasma estrogen levels in the dog.

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1979.236.4.e347 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 236 (4) ◽

pp. E347

Author(s):

D C Collins ◽

H M Balikian ◽

H R Robinson ◽

J R Preedy

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Renal Excretion ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Conjugated Estrogens ◽

Estrone Sulfate ◽

Intravenous Infusions ◽

Arterial Plasma ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The effect of the drug sulfobromophthalein (BSP) on plasma estrogens in the dog were studied during intravenous infusions of 3H-labeled estrogens. During [3H]estrone infusion, BSP administration caused a marked increase in arterial plasma levels of the radioactive conjugated estrogens, estrone glucosiduronate, estradiol-17 beta glucosiduronate(s), and estrone sulfate. Levels of the unconjugated estrogens, estrone and estradiol-17 beta, were substantially unaltered. Possible mechanisms were investigated. Splanchnic extraction of the conjugates did not change significantly during BSP administration, and renal excretion rose promptly in proportion to the plasma levels, thus virtually excluding decreased biliary or renal excretion. There was no net discharge of estrogen glucosiduronate radioactivity from adipose tissue or muscle following BSP. During [3H]estrone glucosiduronate infusion, BSP again caused an increase in plasma estrone glucosiduronate, thus excluding increased formation (of this conjugate, at least). BSP caused decreased extraction of estrone glucosiduronate by the hindlimb, indicating that decreased metabolism was the probable cause of the elevated plasma levels. BSP also caused decreased formation of unconjugated estrogens by the lungs, indicating that the decreased metabolism includes decreased hydrolysis of estrogen glucosiduronates.

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