Wind tunnel observations of aeolian transport rates

1991 ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Rasmussen ◽  
H. E. Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Aeolian Transport

Saltation layer of cohesive drifting snow observed in a wind tunnel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Velotiana Ralaiarisoa ◽  
Florence Naaim-Bouvet ◽  
Kenji Kosugi ◽  
Masaki Nemoto ◽  
Yoichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Snow Drift

<p>Aeolian transport of particles occurs in many geophysical contexts such as wind-blown sand or snow drift and is governed by a myriad of physical mechanisms. Most of drifting particle are transported within de saltation layer and has been largely studied for cohesionless particles whether for snow or for sand. Thus, the theoretical description of aeolian transport has been greatly improved for the last decades. In contrast cohesive particles-air system have received much less attention and there remain many important physical issues to be addressed.  </p><p>        In the present study, the characteristics of drifting cohesive snow phenomena is investigated experimentally Several wind tunnel experiments were carried out in the Cryopsheric Environment simulator at Shinjo (Sato et al., 2001). Spatial distribution of wind velocity and the mass flux of drifting snow were measured simultaneously by an ultrasonic anemometer and a snow particle counter. The SPC measures the size of each particle passing through a sampling area. The size is classified into 32 classes between 50 and 500µm. Compacted snow was sifted on the floor. Then snow bed is left for a determined duration time to become cohesive by sintering.Two kinds of snow beds with different compression hardness were used (“hard snow” with a compression hardness of about 60 kPa and “semi hard snow” with a compression hardness of about 30 kPa). Wind tunnel velocity varied from 7 m/s to 15 m/s. Moreover steady snow drifting can be produced by seeding snow particles at a constant rate at the upwind of the test section. The results are compared with those obtained for loose surfaces. It was shown that :</p><p>- on hard snow cover, aerodynamic entrainment does not occur and saltating particles from the seeder just rebounded without splashing particles composing the snow surface (Kosugi et al.,2004). b, the inverse of the gradient of the mass flux decay with height is proportional to the friction velocity. The mass flux profiles exhibit a focus point. It is also confirmed (Kosugi et al., 2008) that the saltation height increased with increasing particle diameter throughout the full range of investigated wind tunnel velocity. Such characteristics are not observed for cohesionless snow particles (Sugiura et al.,1998)</p><p>-on semi hard snow cover, the inter-particle cohesion makes the transport unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous. A steady state is never obtained. It makes experimental protocol and experiments repeatability tricky. Without seeder, the same trends are observed compared to the previous experiments on hard snow. With seeder, the drifting snow flux dramatically increases, even for low wind speed, leading to snow cover vanish.</p>

An environmental simulation wind tunnel for studying Aeolian transport on mars

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 426-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Merrison ◽  
H. Bechtold ◽  
H. Gunnlaugsson ◽  
A. Jensen ◽  
K. Kinch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Environmental Simulation

scholarly journals Effects of gravel mulch on aeolian transport: a field wind tunnel simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
KeCun Zhang ◽  
WeiMin Zhang ◽  
LiHai Tan ◽  
ZhiShan An ◽  
Hao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Wind Tunnel Simulation ◽  
Gravel Mulch

AEOLIAN TRANSPORT AND SANDY DESERTIFICATION IN SEMIARID CHINA: A WIND TUNNEL APPROACH

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
L. Lang ◽  
T. Hua ◽  
H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Sandy Desertification ◽  
Aeolian Transport

Influence of cohesion on drifting snow investigated in cold wind-tunnel 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-luc Velotiana Ralaiarisoa ◽  
Florence Naaim ◽  
Kenji Kosugi ◽  
Masaki Nemoto ◽  
Yoichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Decay Length ◽  
Restitution Coefficient ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Cold Wind

<p>Aeolian transport of particles occurs in many geophysical contexts such as wind-blown sand or snow drift and is governed by a myriad of physical mechanisms. Most of drifting particles are transported within a saltation layer and has been largely studied for cohesionless particles whether for snow or for sand. Thus, the theoretical description of aeolian transport has been greatly improved for the last decades. In contrast cohesive particles-air system have received much less attention and there remain many important physical issues to be addressed.  </p><p>In the present study, the characteristics of drifting cohesive snow phenomena is investigated experimentally. Several wind tunnel experiments were carried out in the Cryopsheric Environment simulator at Shinjo (Sato et al., 2001). Spatial distribution of wind velocity and the mass flux of drifting snow were measured simultaneously by an ultrasonic anemometer and a snow particle counter. Compacted snow was sifted on the floor and left for a determined duration time to become cohesive by sintering. Two kinds of snow beds with different compression hardness were used (“hard snow” with a compression hardness of about 60 kPa and “semi hard snow” with a compression hardness of about 30 kPa). Wind tunnel velocity varied from 7 m/s to 15 m/s. Moreover steady snow drifting can be produced by seeding snow particles at a constant rate at the upwind of the test section.</p><p>It was shown that :</p><p>- on hard snow cover, aerodynamic entrainment does not occur and saltating particles from the seeder just rebounded without splashing particles composing the snow surface (Kosugi et al.,2004). At a given transport rate, the characteristic decay length lν,which can be seen as an estimation of the height of the saltating layer, exhibits a quadratic dependence with the air friction speed, u*. It is in agreement with results obtained by Ho (2011) with saltating sand on non-erodible bed. More surprisingly, lν increases with snow particles diameter, which means that restitution coefficient over hard snow cover also increases with snow particles diameters.</p><p> - On loose snow cover, without seeder, data analysis from  Sugiura et al. (1998), shows that lv is proportional to u* to the power 1.4. This results therefore supports the idea that cohesionless snow doesn’t exist: on erodible sand bed configuration, the decay length is invariant (Ho, 2012).</p><p>-on semi hard snow cover, without seeder, the inter-particle cohesion makes the transport unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous. lv is proportional to u* to the power 1.6. It is therefore an intermediate case between “loose” and “hard “snow. Restitution coefficient on semi-hard snow is higher than on loose snow cover but smaller than on hard snow cover.  Particles are mainly lifted through aerodynamic entrainment so that saturation length is not obtained in the wind-tunnel : the transport rate  is two orders of magnitude lower than   the maximum transport rate observed for loose snow.</p><p>-on semi hard snow cover, with seeder, the drifting snow flux dramatically increases, even for low wind speed, leading sometimes to snow cover vanish. Experimental results provide evidence that impacting particles are efficient to lift cohesive snow particles : the transport rate increases to nearly 10.</p>

Automated Fiber Placement of Composite Wind Tunnel Blades: Process Planning and Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramy Harik ◽  
Joshua Halbritter ◽  
Dawn Jegley ◽  
Ray Grenoble ◽  
Brian Mason
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Process Planning ◽  
Fiber Placement ◽  
Automated Fiber Placement
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document