The Role of Securities and Labor Contracts in the Optimal Allocation of Risk-Bearing

1991 ◽  
pp. 41-65
Author(s):  
Jacques H. Drèze
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Labor Contracts

Labor contracts, informational discrepancies and the role of monetary policy

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Fethke ◽  
Andrew J. Policano
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Labor Contracts

scholarly journals Risk Premia and the Real Effects of Money

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 1995-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Di Tella
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Price Theory ◽  
The Real ◽  
Friedman Rule ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
Tax Subsidy

This paper proposes a flexible-price theory of the role of money in an economy with incomplete idiosyncratic risk sharing. When the risk premium goes up, money provides a safe store of value that prevents interest rates from falling, reducing investment. Investment is too high during booms when risk is low, and too low during slumps when risk is high. Monetary policy cannot correct this: money is superneutral and Ricardian equivalence holds. The optimal allocation requires the Friedman rule and a tax/subsidy on capital. The real effects of money survive even in the cashless limit. (JEL E32, E41, E43, E44, E52)

scholarly journals Sex allocation and investment into pre- and post-copulatory traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites: the role of polyandry and local sperm competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1613) ◽  
pp. 20120052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schärer ◽  
Ido Pen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Sexually Selected Traits ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal allocation to male and female reproduction in sexual organisms. In animals, most work on sex allocation has focused on species with separate sexes and our understanding of simultaneous hermaphrodites is patchier. Recent theory predicts that sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites should strongly be affected by post-copulatory sexual selection, while the role of pre-copulatory sexual selection is much less clear. Here, we review sex allocation and sexual selection theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites, and identify several strong and potentially unwarranted assumptions. We then present a model that treats allocation to sexually selected traits as components of sex allocation and explore patterns of allocation when some of these assumptions are relaxed. For example, when investment into a male sexually selected trait leads to skews in sperm competition, causing local sperm competition, this is expected to lead to a reduced allocation to sperm production. We conclude that understanding the evolution of sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites requires detailed knowledge of the different sexual selection processes and their relative importance. However, little is currently known quantitatively about sexual selection in simultaneous hermaphrodites, about what the underlying traits are, and about what drives and constrains their evolution. Future work should therefore aim at quantifying sexual selection and identifying the underlying traits along the pre- to post-copulatory axis.

scholarly journals The role of collective labor contracts and individual characteristics on job satisfaction in Tuscan nursing homes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Vainieri ◽  
Pierluigi Smaldone ◽  
Antonella Rosa ◽  
Kathleen Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Labor Contracts

scholarly journals Optimal allocation of vaccines - the role of childrens’ vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Gavish ◽  
Guy Katriel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Optimal Allocations ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

The ultimate goal of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns is to enable the return of societies and economies to a state of normality. Presently, vaccines have not been approved for children. In this work, we use mathematical modeling and optimization to study the effect of the ineligibility of children for vaccination on the effectiveness of a vaccination campaign. Particularly, we address the question of whether vaccination of children of age 10 and older, once approved, should be given higher priority than the vaccination of other age groups. We consider optimal allocations according to competing measures and systematically study the trade-offs among them. We find that, under all scenarios considered, optimal allocations of vaccines do not include age-group 0-9. In contrast, in many of these cases, optimal allocations of vaccines do include the age group 10-19, though the degree to which inclusion of this age group improves outcomes varies by case.

scholarly journals Queen pheromone regulates egg production in a termite

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuka Yamamoto ◽  
Kenji Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Queen Pheromone ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Colony Survival ◽  
Colony Productivity

In social insects, resource allocation is a key factor that influences colony survival and growth. Optimal allocation to queens and brood is essential for maximum colony productivity, requiring colony members to have information on the total reproductive power in colonies. However, the mechanisms regulating egg production relative to the current labour force for brood care remain poorly known. Recently, a volatile chemical was identified as a termite queen pheromone that inhibits the differentiation of new neotenic reproductives (secondary reproductives developed from nymphs or workers) in Reticulitermes speratus . The same volatile chemical is also emitted by eggs. This queen pheromone would therefore be expected to act as an honest message of the reproductive power about queens. In this study, we examined how the queen pheromone influences the reproductive rate of queens in R. speratus . We compared the number of eggs produced by each queen between groups with and without exposure to artificial queen pheromone. Exposure to the pheromone resulted in a significant decrease in egg production in both single-queen and multiple-queen groups. This is the first report supporting the role of queen pheromones as a signal regulating colony-level egg production, using synthetically derived compounds in a termite.

Selective Visual Dimension Weighting Deficit after Left Lateral Frontopolar Lesions

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pollmann ◽  
K. Mahn ◽  
B. Reimann ◽  
R. Weidner ◽  
M. Tittgemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Feature Search ◽  
Previous Event ◽  
Dimension Weighting ◽  
Dimension Change ◽  
Visual Dimension

The left lateral frontopolar (LFP) cortex showed dimension change-related activation in previous event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of visual singleton feature search with non-brain-lesioned participants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that LFP actively supports changes of attention from the old to the new target-defining dimension in singleton feature search. Singleton detection was selectively slowed in this task when the target-defining dimension changed in patients with left LFP lesions, compared with patients with frontomedian lesions as well as with matched controls without brain lesions. We discuss a potential role of LFP in change detection when the optimal allocation of dimension-based attention is not clearly defined by the task.

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