Comparing Direct and Indirect Benefit Estimation Approaches

1986 ◽  
pp. 261-277
Author(s):  
V. Kerry Smith ◽  
William H. Desvousges
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Benefit ◽  
Benefit Estimation

Proposition of a Benefit Estimation Method for Quality Improvement in Multi-Destination Recreation Trips

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhito Kono ◽  
Iis P Tussyadiah ◽  
Mikihiro Kuwako ◽  
Naoto Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Benefit Estimation

scholarly journals Costs and Benefits of Autonomous Shipping—A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4553
Author(s):  
Ewelina Ziajka-Poznańska ◽  
Jakub Montewka
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Benefit Estimation ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
The Cost

The development of autonomous ship technology is currently in focus worldwide and the literature on this topic is growing. However, an in-depth cost and benefit estimation of such endeavours is in its infancy. With this systematic literature review, we present the state-of-the-art system regarding costs and benefits of the operation of prospective autonomous merchant ships with an objective for identifying contemporary research activities concerning an estimation of operating, voyage, and capital costs in prospective, autonomous shipping and vessel platooning. Additionally, the paper outlines research gaps and the need for more detailed business models for operating autonomous ships. Results reveal that valid financial models of autonomous shipping are lacking and there is significant uncertainty affecting the cost estimates, rendering only a reliable evaluation of specific case studies. The findings of this paper may be found relevant not only by academia, but also organisations considering to undertake a challenge of implementing Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in their operations.

Recreation benefit estimation and forecasting: Implications of the identification problem

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Cicchetti ◽  
V. K. Smith ◽  
J. L. Knetsch ◽  
R. A. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Identification Problem ◽  
Benefit Estimation

Benefit Estimation Methods of Land Readjustment Projects for Intensifying Land Use

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (0) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Kotaro MAKI ◽  
Kiyoshi TAKAMI ◽  
Noboru HARATA
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Benefit Estimation ◽  
Land Readjustment

Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Benefit Transfer ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Benefit Estimation ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
New Consumer

<em>Abstract.</em>—In this paper, we provide an introduction to water quality benefit estimation for noneconomists. Net water quality benefits are typically measured using the concept of consumer surplus, which is estimated using a number of economic valuation methodologies. These are divided into direct and indirect methods. Direct methods involve questioning survey respondents to determine their consumer surplus. Indirect methods use data from consumer market behavior to estimate economic values. When limited time or funding preclude costly data collection and the development of new consumer surplus estimates, the method of benefit transfer is used to tailor preexisting consumer surplus estimates to fit new policy situations. We provide an example of benefit transfer by estimating the value of water quality improvements for the Cape Fear River in North Carolina. Benefit transfer methods are used with three valuation approaches to estimate the benefits of water quality improvement.

scholarly journals The Importance of Advancing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines in Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol M Kao ◽  
Walter A Orenstein ◽  
Evan J Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Indirect Benefit ◽  
Direct Benefit ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Community Protection ◽  
Role Based ◽  
Childhood Vaccines

Abstract While the role of children in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains to be defined, children likely play an important role based on our knowledge of other respiratory viruses. Children are more likely to be asymptomatic or have milder symptoms and less likely to present for healthcare and be tested for SARS-CoV-2. Thus, our current estimates are likely under-representative of the true burden of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Given the potential direct benefit of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children and the substantial indirect benefit through community protection, or “herd immunity,” we argue that planning and implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should include children. Furthermore, community protection occurred after widespread implementation of prior childhood vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, rubella, and rotavirus. We detail considerations for vaccine clinical trials, potential barriers to the implementation of widespread vaccination and argue why children would be an ideal target population for vaccination.

scholarly journals Sexual selection favours good or bad genes for pathogen resistance depending on males' pathogen exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1902) ◽  
pp. 20190226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Joye ◽  
Tadeusz J. Kawecki
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Indirect Benefit ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Resistance to pathogens is often invoked as an indirect benefit of female choice, but experimental evidence for links between father's sexual success and offspring resistance is scarce and equivocal. Two proposed mechanisms might generate such links. Under the first, heritable resistance to diverse pathogens depends on general immunocompetence; owing to shared condition dependence, male sexual traits indicate immunocompetence independently of the male's pathogen exposure. By contrast, other hypotheses (e.g. Hamilton–Zuk) assume that sexual traits only reveal heritable resistance if the males have been exposed to the pathogen. The distinction between the two mechanisms has been neglected by experimental studies. We show that Drosophila melanogaster males that are successful in mating contests (one female with two males) sire sons that are substantially more resistant to the intestinal pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila —but only if the males have themselves been exposed to the pathogen before the mating contest. By contrast, sons of males sexually successful in the absence of pathogen exposure are less resistant than sons of unsuccessful males. We detected no differences in daughters’ resistance. Thus, while sexual selection may have considerable consequences for offspring resistance, these consequences may be sex-specific. Furthermore, contrary to the ‘general immunocompetence’ hypothesis, these consequences can be positive or negative depending on the epidemiological context under which sexual selection operates.

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