Latitudinal comparison of altitudinal changes in forest structure, leaf-type, and species richness in humid monsoon Asia

1995 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ohsawa
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Monsoon Asia

scholarly journals Vascular Epiphytic Diversity in a Neotropical Transition Zone Is Driven by Environmental and Structural Heterogeneity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291988220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilia de la Rosa-Manzano ◽  
Glenda Mendieta-Leiva ◽  
Antonio Guerra-Pérez ◽  
Karla María Aguilar-Dorantes ◽  
Leonardo Uriel Arellano-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Semideciduous Forest

Vascular epiphytes contribute significantly to tropical diversity. Research on the factors that determine vascular epiphytic diversity and composition in tropical areas is flourishing. However, these factors are entirely unknown in tropical-temperate transition zones, which represent the distribution limit of several epiphytic species. We assessed the degree to which climatic and structural variables determine the diversity of vascular epiphytic assemblages (VEAs) in a transition zone in Mexico: the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve. We found 12,103 epiphytic individuals belonging to 30 species and 15 genera along a climatic gradient from 300 to 2,000 m a.s.l. Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the most species-rich families. Forests along the windward slope of the Sierra Madre Oriental (semideciduous forest and tropical montane cloud forest) had higher species richness than forests along the leeward slope (pine-oak forest and submontane scrub). Species richness was largely determined by seasonality and, to a lesser degree, by forest structure, whereas abundance was mainly determined by host tree size. Variation in VEAs composition was largely explained by climatic variables, whereas forest structure was not as important. VEAs differed among forest types and slopes in terms of taxonomic and functional composition. For example, certain bromeliad indicator species reflected differences between slopes. Although within-tree epiphytic species richness (alpha diversity) was low in this transition zone relative to other habitats, species turnover among forest types (beta diversity) was high. These findings suggest that each forest type makes a unique and important contribution to epiphytic diversity in this transition zone.

Species Richness, Forest Structure, and Functional Diversity During Succession in the New Guinea Lowlands

Biotropica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. S. Whitfeld ◽  
Jesse R. Lasky ◽  
Kipiro Damas ◽  
Gibson Sosanika ◽  
Kenneth Molem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
New Guinea

Typhoon Disturbance Mediates Elevational Patterns of Forest Structure, but not Species Diversity, in Humid Monsoon Asia

Ecosystems ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1410-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-How Chi ◽  
Ryan W. McEwan ◽  
Chung-Te Chang ◽  
Chengyang Zheng ◽  
Zhijie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Monsoon Asia ◽  
Typhoon Disturbance

Patterns of tree species richness in Jalisco, Mexico: relation to topography, climate and forest structure

Plant Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M. Reich ◽  
Charles D. Bonham ◽  
Celedonio Aguirre-Bravo ◽  
Migel Chazaro-Basañeza
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Species Richness

Impacts of trails on cliff-edge forest structure

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pampang Parikesit ◽  
Douglas W. Larson ◽  
Uta Matthes-Sears
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Niagara Escarpment

Plant community structure and soil characteristics were quantitatively studied along forested cliff edges of the Niagara Escarpment in southern Ontario, Canada. The objective of the study was to try to differentiate between the effects of two gradients on vegetation structure: the environmental gradient between the cliff edge and dense forest, and an anthropogenic gradient, generated by the presence of major hiking trails parallel to the cliff edges. Species frequencies were determined along 69 transects distributed over eight sites with different amounts of past and present trampling disturbance. The data were analyzed using cluster and ordination analysis as well as analyses of variance. The results showed that soil characteristics were the major influence organizing the vegetation of cliff-edge forests and that soil properties and plant community structure were more strongly influenced by anthropogenic factors than by the environmental gradient between cliff edge and forest. Trampled plots had some properties in common with cliff-edge plots. Species richness was highest at intermediate trail-use levels; abandonment of heavily disturbed trails resulted in the restoration of species richness, but most new colonizing plants were disturbance-tolerant ruderals. Soil properties did not completely recover even after 10 years of trail abandonment. The results suggest that the current use of cliff edges along the Niagara Escarpment is nonsustainable, and reversing its effects on cliff-edge forest structure may take a considerable amount of time. Key words: Niagara Escarpment, plant community ecology, disturbance, trampling, cluster analysis, ordination.

scholarly journals What is good for birds is not always good for lichens: Interactions between forest structure and species richness in managed boreal forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 118327
Author(s):  
Julian Klein ◽  
Göran Thor ◽  
Matthew Low ◽  
Jörgen Sjögren ◽  
Eva Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Good For

scholarly journals Forest Structure and Composition under Contrasting Precipitation Regimes in the High Mountains, Western Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7510
Author(s):  
Kishor Prasad Bhatta ◽  
Anisha Aryal ◽  
Himlal Baral ◽  
Sujan Khanal ◽  
Amul Kumar Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Precipitation Region ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Low Precipitation

The high mountains stretch over 20.4% of Nepal’s land surface with diverse climatic conditions and associated vegetation types. An understanding of tree species and forest structural pattern variations across different climatic regions is crucial for mountain ecology. This study strived to carry out a comparative evaluation of species diversity, main stand variables, and canopy cover of forests with contrasting precipitation conditions in the Annapurna range. Firstly, climate data provided by CHELSA version 1.2, were used to identify distinct precipitation regimes. Lamjung and Mustang were selected as two contrasting precipitation regions, and have average annual precipitation of 2965 mm and 723 mm, respectively. Stratified random sampling was used to study 16 plots, each measuring 500 m2 and near the tree line at an elevation range of 3000 to 4000 m across different precipitation conditions. In total, 870 trees were identified and measured. Five hemispherical photos using a fisheye lens were taken in each plot for recording and analyzing canopy cover. Margalef’s index was used to measure species richness, while two diversity indices: the Shannon–Wiener Index and Simpson Index were used for species diversity. Dominant tree species in both study regions were identified through the Important Value Index (IVI). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to determine the differences in forest structure and composition variables between the two precipitation regimes. In total, 13 species were recorded with broadleaved species predominating in the high precipitation region and coniferous species in the low precipitation region. Higher species richness and species diversity were recorded in the low precipitation region, whereas the main stand variables: basal area and stem density were found to be higher in the high precipitation region. Overall, an inverse J-shaped diameter distribution was found in both precipitation regions signifying uneven-aged forest. A higher proportion of leaning and buttressed trees were recorded in the high precipitation region. However, similar forest canopy cover conditions (>90%) were observed in both study regions. The findings of this research provide a comprehensive narrative of tree species and forest structure across distinct precipitation regimes, which can be crucial to administrators and local people for the sustainable management of resources in this complex region.

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