Contrast Agents in Liver Imaging

1995 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Liver Imaging

Liver imaging

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Rummeny ◽  
G. Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Beneficial Impact

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases affect several millon people each year. The main imaging modalities to detect and assist diagnosis of primary and secondary liver tumours include MR imaging, CT, and US. The value of these techniques is further increased by the use of contrast agents which increase the sensitivity, and sometimes also the specificity, of the investigations. The relative advantages and drawbacks of the different contrast agents and imaging modalities in the detection and characterisation of liver tumours are discussed. Currently there is no consensus amongst investigators as to which is superior, due to the technical complexities and number of combinations possible within each of the different modalities. There continues to be advances in the hardware and software of imaging equipment, as well as a trend to develop new contrast agents with more organ-specificity. These include those targeting the hepatocytes, such as mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP, Teslascan), and those with reticuloendothelial cell specificity, such as the superpara-magnetic iron oxides. These developments have the potential for making significant contributions to the diagnostic value of imaging procedures and, by reducing the number of investigations necessary to reach a final diagnosis, having a significant and beneficial impact on the pharmaco-economics of patient health care.

scholarly journals Isolated Perfused Rat Livers to Quantify the Pharmacokinetics and Concentrations of Gd-BOPTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Gadobenate Dimeglumine ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rat Livers

With recent advances in liver imaging, the estimation of liver concentrations is now possible following the injection of hepatobiliary contrast agents and radiotracers. However, how these images are generated remains partially unknown. Most experiments that would be helpful to increase this understanding cannot be performed in vivo. For these reasons, we investigated the liver distribution of the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA, MultiHance®, Bracco Imaging) in isolated perfused rat livers (IPRLs). In IPRL, we developed a new set up that quantifies simultaneously the Gd-BOPTA compartment concentrations and the transfer rates between these compartments. Concentrations were measured either by MR signal intensity or by count rates when the contrast agent was labelled by [153Gd]. With this experimental model, we show how the Gd-BOPTA hepatocyte concentrations are modified by temperature and liver flow rates. We define new pharmacokinetic parameters to quantify the canalicular transport of Gd-BOPTA. Finally, we present how transfer rates generate Gd-BOPTA concentrations in rat liver compartments. These findings better explain how liver imaging with hepatobiliary radiotracers and contrast agents is generated and improve the image interpretation by clinicians.

The Use of Polymeric Microballoons as Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Liver Imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S149-S151 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SCHNEIDER ◽  
ANNE BROILLET ◽  
PHILIPPE BUSSAT ◽  
ROGER VENTRONE
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast

MR Contrast Agents for Liver Imaging: What, When, How

Radiographics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1621-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil N. Gandhi ◽  
Michèle A. Brown ◽  
James G. Wong ◽  
Diego A. Aguirre ◽  
Claude B. Sirlin
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Mr Contrast Agents

scholarly journals Spectrum of liver lesions hyperintense on hepatobiliary phase: an approach by clinical setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Vernuccio ◽  
Domenico Salvatore Gagliano ◽  
Roberto Cannella ◽  
Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah ◽  
An Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Focal Liver Lesions ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Hepatobiliary Phase ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

AbstractHepatobiliary MRI contrast agents are increasingly being used for liver imaging. In clinical practice, most focal liver lesions do not uptake hepatobiliary contrast agents. Less commonly, hepatic lesions may show variable signal characteristics on hepatobiliary phase. This pictorial essay reviews a broad spectrum of benign and malignant focal hepatic observations that may show hyperintensity on hepatobiliary phase in various clinical settings. In non-cirrhotic patients, focal hepatic observations that show hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase are usually benign and typically include focal nodular hyperplasia. In patients with primary or secondary vascular disorders, focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions arise as a local hyperplastic response to vascular alterations and tend to be iso- or hyperintense in the hepatobiliary phase. In oncologic patients, metastases and cholangiocarcinoma are hypointense lesions in the hepatobiliary phase; however, occasionally they may show a diffuse, central and inhomogeneous hepatobiliary paradoxical uptake with peripheral rim hypointensity. Post-chemotherapy focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions may be tricky, and their typical hyperintense rim in the hepatobiliary phase is very helpful for the differential diagnosis with metastases. In cirrhotic patients, hepatocellular carcinoma may occasionally appear hyperintense on hepatobiliary phase.

Effects of Radiographic Contrast Agents on Thrombin Formation and Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (08) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Parker ◽  
William Fay
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast ◽  
Inhibition Of Thrombin ◽  
Thrombin Formation

SummaryClinical trials suggest that the risk of thrombosis during coronary angioplasty is lower with ionic contrast agents than with nonionic contrast agents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. This study examined the effects of contrast agents on thrombin formation and its interaction with substrates, inhibitors, and ligands to define potential mechanisms by which contrast agents affect thrombus formation. Two ionic agents, diatrizoate and ioxaglate, and one nonionic agent, ioversol, were studied. Ionic agents inhibited factor X activation by the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex more potently than ioversol (53 ± 3.7, 43.0 ± 1.9, and 26.5 ± 2.4% inhibition by diatrizoate, ioxaglate, and ioversol, respectively, at concentrations of 5%). Ionic contrast agents were potent inhibitors of prothrombinase function, inhibiting thrombin formation by >75% at contrast concentrations of 0.6% (p <0.005). Ioversol inhibited prothrombinase to a significantly lesser extent than ionic agents. Clotting assays suggested that ioxaglate was the most potent inhibitor of thrombin generation in plasma despite having the least effect on fibrin polymerization. Contrast agents inhibited binding of thrombin to fibrin, with ionic agents producing a more potent effect than ioversol (p <0.02). However, contrast agents did not inhibit thrombin-mediated platelet activation, had only a minor effect on inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III, and did not affect thrombin-hirudin interactions. In summary, these studies identify specific mechanisms by which radiographic contrast agents inhibit thrombin formation and function – i.e. inhibition of tissue factor-dependent factor Xa generation, inhibition of the prothrombinase complex, and inhibition of thrombin binding to fibrin. These findings may help to explain the reduced risk of thrombosis during coronary angioplasty associated with ionic contrast agents.

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