Liver imaging

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Rummeny ◽  
G. Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Beneficial Impact

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases affect several millon people each year. The main imaging modalities to detect and assist diagnosis of primary and secondary liver tumours include MR imaging, CT, and US. The value of these techniques is further increased by the use of contrast agents which increase the sensitivity, and sometimes also the specificity, of the investigations. The relative advantages and drawbacks of the different contrast agents and imaging modalities in the detection and characterisation of liver tumours are discussed. Currently there is no consensus amongst investigators as to which is superior, due to the technical complexities and number of combinations possible within each of the different modalities. There continues to be advances in the hardware and software of imaging equipment, as well as a trend to develop new contrast agents with more organ-specificity. These include those targeting the hepatocytes, such as mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP, Teslascan), and those with reticuloendothelial cell specificity, such as the superpara-magnetic iron oxides. These developments have the potential for making significant contributions to the diagnostic value of imaging procedures and, by reducing the number of investigations necessary to reach a final diagnosis, having a significant and beneficial impact on the pharmaco-economics of patient health care.

Clinical Significance of Lung Uptake in Liver Scanning

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Luostarinen ◽  
M Vorne ◽  
T. Lantto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Lung Uptake ◽  
Benign Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Liver Image ◽  
Liver Scanning ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary 99mTc tin colloid accumulated in the lungs in 102 patients during liver imaging both in malignant and benign diseases. The percentage of neoplastic diseases increased when the lung uptake became greater and only patients with malignant final diagnosis had marked lung uptake. Abnormal liver image was seen only in 23%, which disagrees highly with some earlier findings on a rather small number of patients. The cause of increased lung uptake was suggested to be the activation of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) by disease. The activation of the RES was stronger in malignant than in benign diseases. Some type of regional stimulation of the RES was suggested as being due to the location of the disease and both malignant and benign diseases of the chest region stimulated the pulmonary part of the RES more than other parts of the RES.

Diagnostic Value of Serum Ferritin in Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Digestion ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Giannoulis ◽  
C. Arvanitakis ◽  
A. Nikopoulos ◽  
I. Doutsos ◽  
A. Tourkantonis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

scholarly journals Extracellular Glycosaminoglycans in Management of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rather than Alpha Fetoprotein

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Hamid NM ◽  
◽  
Abdel-Fattah SM ◽  
Nazmy MH ◽  
Mahmoud AS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Total Sialic Acid ◽  
Design And Methods

Objectives: Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential player at various stages of carcinogenesis. Current study aims to evaluate diagnostic value of components of ECM, released to the serum, i.e. total glycosaminoglycans (TGAGs), total sialic acid (TSA) and free glucosamine (FGA) in primary HCC patients solely or confounded by other conditions (i.e. diabetes mellitus (DM), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or bilharziasis (B). Design and Methods: Our study was conducted upon 40 HCC patients: 32 (80%) males, 8 (20%) females, among these samples, patients with ascites, single/or multiple HCC lesions, as shown in demographic Table. Results: Liver and renal indices were significantly disturbed in HCC patients. Significant elevations of AFP, TGAGS and FGA, non-significant increases in TSA in HCC patients compared to normal control. These parameters except AFP showed significant persistent higher levels during cancer progression. AFP showed irrelevant changes to the stages of HCC lesion. HCC patients with HCV, DM or B showed significantly higher levels of AFP than with HCC solely. Both TGAGs and FGA showed the highest diagnostic accuracy over AFP, but TSA showed the lowest value. Conclusion: TGAGs and FGA may be regarded as cost-effective and more accurate diagnostic tools during primary HCC progression, whether solely, or commixed by other diseases.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Advanced Imaging Modalities for the Detection and Differentiation of Prosthetic Valve Obstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2182-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
Young Joo Suh ◽  
Kyunghwa Han ◽  
Young Jin Kim ◽  
Byoung Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Advanced Imaging

scholarly journals Endoscopic ultrasound guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in solid pancreatic masses – a prospective validation study

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. E78-E85 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Karstensen ◽  
Tatiana Cârţână ◽  
Codruţa Constantinescu ◽  
Silviu Dumitrașcu ◽  
Bojan Kovacevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dark Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Masses ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a keystone in diagnosing and staging of pancreatic masses. Recently, a microfiber that can pass through a 19-gauge needle has been introduced for confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE). The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic value and the reproducibility of nCLE criteria for solid malignant lesions. Patients and methods This prospective dual-center study included patients with pancreatic masses suspicious of malignancy referred for EUS-FNA. Endomicroscopic imaging was performed under EUS-guidance until organ-specific structures were obtained. Afterwards, standard cytology was obtained and patients were followed for up to 12 months. All nCLE parameters included in former studies were correlated with the final diagnosis (dark lobular structures/normal acinar cells, dark cell aggregates > 40 µm, dilated irregular vessels with fluorescein leakage, fine white fibrous bands, small black cell movements, pseudoglandular structures). Finally, three CLE novices and three CLE experts assessed the unedited movies from all patients. Results Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. A final diagnosis was obtained in 24 patients (86 %). One patient (3 %) died before a diagnosis was obtained, while 3 were lost to follow-up (11 %). In 18/24 patients (74 %) the diagnosis was malignant. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the nCLE parameters ranged from 19 – 93 %, 0 – 56 %, 26 – 69 %, respectively. The inter-observer values ranged from κ = 0.20 – 0.41 for novices and κ = –0.02 – 0.38 for experts. Conclusions The diagnostic value of nCLE in solid pancreatic masses is questionable and the inter-observer agreement for both novices and CLE experts appears limited.

Contrast Agents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resmi A. Charalel ◽  
Martin R. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Basic Understanding

Imaging is reliant upon the contrast between different body elements, which may be present naturally or may require the introduction of extrinsic contrast agents. Since the 1920s, the use of contrast agents has been refined to enhance the diagnostic potential of multiple imaging modalities. Contrast agents are a vital part of diagnosis and treatment algorithms involving image guidance. Given the wealth of contrast agents on the market, a basic understanding of the various types is critical for budding interventional radiologists who need to use such agents judiciously on a daily basis. Such contrast agents may be administered intravenously, intraarterially, intrathecally, orally, via inhalation, transrectally, or via indwelling tubes or catheters cannulating a specific viscus. In this chapter, we review the key categories, contraindications, and alternatives for such agents, with special attention to their use in an interventional radiology (IR) practice.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in Patients with FUO

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Stamata Georga ◽  
Paraskevi Exadaktylou ◽  
Ioannis Petrou ◽  
Dimitrios Katsampoukas ◽  
Vasilios Mpalaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Conventional diagnostic imaging is often ineffective in revealing the underlying cause in a considerable proportion of patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in patients with FUO. We retrospectively reviewed 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans performed on 50 consecutive adult patients referred to our department for further investigation of classic FUO. Final diagnosis was based on histopathological and microbiological findings, clinical criteria, or clinical follow-up. Final diagnosis was established in 39/50 (78%) of the patients. The cause of FUO was infection in 20/50 (40%), noninfectious inflammatory diseases in 11/50 (22%), and malignancy in 8/50 (16%) patients. Fever remained unexplained in 11/50 (22%) patients. 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan substantially contributed to the diagnosis in 70% of the patients, either by identifying the underlying cause of FUO or by directing to the most appropriate site for biopsy. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for active disease detection in patients with FUO were 94.7%, 50.0%, 84.0%, 85.7%, and 75.0%, respectively. In conclusion, whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT is a highly sensitive method for detection of the underlining cause of FUO or for correctly targeting suspicious lesions for further evaluation.

The diagnostic value of serum levels of VEGF, bFGF and endostatin in patients with liver cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21133-21133
Author(s):  
A. Nikopoulou ◽  
P. Makrantonakis ◽  
M. Karamouzis ◽  
P. Nikolaidis ◽  
J. Agorastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Group B ◽  
Normal Controls

21133 Background: : Aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and Endostatin in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma ( PHC ) and in patients with metastatic liver disease ( MLD ). Methods: Eighty participants were included in this study and divided into three groups. Exclusion criteria were history of myocardial infraction, stroke, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, pregnancy, trauma and recent surgical treatment. In group A were included 20 normal controls (NC), in group B 30 patients with PHC and in group C 30 patients with MLD. The concentrations of VEGF, bFGF and Endostatin in serum were measured by using enzyme like immunosorbent assay kits (Quantikine R&D systems Inc., Mineapolis.MN). Results: Results are shown in table . In patients with PHC there was a positive correlation between the serum level of VEGF and tumor size (r=0.517, p=0.08), between the serum level of VEGF and platelets number (r=0.573, p=0.003) and between the serum level of VEGF and the serum level of a-fetoprotein (r=0.478, p=0.029). In patients with PHC sensitivity of VEGF, bFGF and Endostatin was found 60%, 54% and 23% respectively. In patients with MLD sensitivity of VEGF, bFGF and Endostatin was found 73%, 73% and 27.5% respectively. However, both in patients with PHC and with MLD specificity of VEGF, bFGF and Endostatin were found 95%, 95% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Angiogenic factors VEGF, bFGF and Endostatin can distinguish normal controls from patients with liver cancer. Serum levels of VEGF are related to the size of the tumor in patients with PHC. Serum VEGF, bFGF and Endostatin could be useful tumor markers in the diagnosis of PHC and MLD because of their high specificity. The significant correlation of VEGF with a- fetoprotein indicates its importance as a marker in diagnosis of PHC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals A Delphic consensus assessment: imaging and biomarkers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor disease management

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Oberg ◽  
Eric Krenning ◽  
Anders Sundin ◽  
Lisa Bodei ◽  
Mark Kidd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Biological Tool

The complexity of the clinical management of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) is exacerbated by limitations in imaging modalities and a paucity of clinically useful biomarkers. Limitations in currently available imaging modalities reflect difficulties in measuring an intrinsically indolent disease, resolution inadequacies and inter-/intra-facility device variability and that RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria are not optimal for NEN. Limitations of currently used biomarkers are that they are secretory biomarkers (chromogranin A, serotonin, neuron-specific enolase and pancreastatin); monoanalyte measurements; and lack sensitivity, specificity and predictive capacity. None of them meet the NIH metrics for clinical usage. A multinational, multidisciplinary Delphi consensus meeting of NEN experts (n = 33) assessed current imaging strategies and biomarkers in NEN management. Consensus (>75%) was achieved for 78% of the 142 questions. The panel concluded that morphological imaging has a diagnostic value. However, both imaging and current single-analyte biomarkers exhibit substantial limitations in measuring the disease status and predicting the therapeutic efficacy. RECIST remains suboptimal as a metric. A critical unmet need is the development of a clinico-biological tool to provide enhanced information regarding precise disease status and treatment response. The group considered that circulating RNA was better than current general NEN biomarkers and preliminary clinical data were considered promising. It was resolved that circulating multianalyte mRNA (NETest) had clinical utility in both diagnosis and monitoring disease status and therapeutic efficacy. Overall, it was concluded that a combination of tumor spatial and functional imaging with circulating transcripts (mRNA) would represent the future strategy for real-time monitoring of disease progress and therapeutic efficacy.

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