Entropy + Rain = Floods

Author(s):  
P. W. Jowitt
Keyword(s):  
2003 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Hickey ◽  
Marchia V. Bond ◽  
Thomas K. Patton ◽  
Kevin A. Richardson ◽  
Paul E. Pugner

Author(s):  
Antanas Lukianas ◽  
Rasa Ruminaitė

The dependence of runoff characteristics of the Lielupe River basin district rivers: the Mūša River, the Levuo River and the Tatula River on the wetland drainage is analysed in the article. The wetland covers 70–89% of the total area in the basins of these rivers. It was established, that drainage of 80–91% of wetland area had not changed the runoff characteristics. The excess of water is removed through the drainage systems most intensively during spring and summer rain floods. The analysis of the runoff of spring flood and summer rain floods revealed that the area of drained land had not changed the runoff characteristics. The tenuous positive or negative relations (coefficients of correlation from ‐0.52 to 0.19) between the area of drained wetland and the runoff characteristics were established. Santrauka Šlapių žemių sausinimo Lietuvoje įtaka upių nuotėkiui iki šiol vertinama nevienareikšmiškai, nes ji gana sudėtinga ir įvairiapusė. Straipsnyje analizuojama Lielupės baseino upių Mūšos, Lėvens ir Tatulos nuotėkio charakteristikų priklausomybė nuo periodiškai šlapių žemių sausinimo drenažo sistema. Šių upių baseinuose periodiškai šlapių mineralinių žemių plotai sudaro 70–89 % viso baseino ploto (pelkės užima tik 3,2–7,5 %). Analizuota sausinimo, nuotėkio bei jo pasiskirstymo per metus kaitos charakteristikos, nuotėkio netolygumo dėsningumai. Tiriant nustatyta, kad per pastaruosius 40 metų nagrinėjamų upių baseinuose nusausintų žemių plotai padidėjo nuo 4–7 % (šlapių žemių fondo) iki 80–91 %. Vandens perteklius iš sausinimo sistemos pasišalina per pavasario potvynius bei vasaros poplūdžius. Analizuojant pavasario potvynių ir vasaros poplūdžių duomenis akivaizdu, kad nusausintų žemių plotas neturi įtakos upių nuotėkio charakteristikų pokyčiui. Tarp nusausintų žemių ploto ir nuotėkio charakteristikų nustatytos labai silpnos teigiamos arba neigiamos sąsajos (koreliacijos koeficientai nuo –0,52 iki 0,19). Резюме Влияние осушения избыточно увлажненных земель на речной сток в Литве до сих пор оценивается неоднозначно, так как это влияние сложно и многообразно. В статье анализируются характеристики изменения речного стока и его внутригодового распределения, закономерности его неравномерности в бассейнах рек Муша, Левуо и Татула (эти реки составляют район речных бассейнов Лелупе), в которых периодически избыточно увлажняемые земли составляют 70−89% от площади бассейнов. Исследованиями установлено, что площади осушенных земель в исследуемых речных бассейнах за последние 40 лет увеличились с 4−7% (от фонда избыточно увлажненных земель) до 80−91%. Несмотря на то, что большая часть избыточно увлажненных земель уже осушена, это не оказывает существенного влияния на речной сток. Избыток влаги осушительными системами наиболее интенсивно удаляется в течение весенних половодий и летних паводков, поэтому изменения речного стока из-за осушения происходят в течение тех же сезонов. При анализе зависимости изменения слоя речного стока в течение весенних половодий и летних паводков (в долях от годового стока) от площади осушения установлено отсутствие корреляционной связи, либо эта связь является слабой (коэффициенты корреляции изменяются от −0,52 до 0,19).


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Raymond ◽  
Bruno Wilhelm ◽  
Sandrine Anquetin

Abstract. High-impact climate events such as floods are highly destructive natural hazards causing widespread impacts on socio-ecosystems. However, processes leading to such events are still poorly understood, which limiting reliable prediction. This study takes advantage of centennial-long discharge series (1923–2010) and meteorological reanalysis (ERA-20C) to study processes generating the high-magnitude flood events (i.e. above the percentile 99.9) of the upper Rhône River (NW European Alps). A particular focus is paid to the role of precipitation on the flood generation to explore in what extent such events could be explained by only atmospheric variables. A flood typology is thus established using a hierarchical clustering analysis and three variables: long (8-day) and short (2-day) precipitation accumulations as well as an index characterizing the amplitude of the discharge increase during the 7 days prior to the flood day. The typology result in four classes, of which two are directly linked to precipitation. One results from heavy precipitation over two days (similar to short-rain floods in the literature) and the other one from a combination of short and long intense precipitation sequences (similar to long-rain floods). The two other types of floods cannot be explained by precipitation only, most probably involving ice and snow melting. The four events of highest magnitude (> 20 year return period) are of various types but are all triggered by heavy precipitation during the days preceding the floods. The role of the precipitation accumulations progressively decreases when considering floods of weaker magnitude, suggesting a higher diversity of processes involved in the generation of e.g. annual flooding. Our results highlight the needs to better understand the atmospheric processes leading to heavy precipitation accumulation since this would allow a better understanding of past and future trends of extreme flood events.


Author(s):  
N.I. Pererva ◽  
◽  
A.N. Davidenko ◽  
Yu.A. Amelchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Orbe ◽  
Santiago Gaztelumendi

Abstract. In this work we focus on perhaps one of the worst journalist practice when dealing with severe weather, the Meteo-Show or the extended practice, especially in TV, for using weather and meteorology for spectacle. Journalism today has found weather information in a real goldmine in terms of audience due to the growing public interest in this matter. However, as it happens with other content, sensationalism and exaggeration have also reached weather information, primarily when episodes of adverse nature (snow, heavy rain, floods, etc.) are addressed. In this paper we look to identify the worst practices in weather communication through analysis of examples from real journalist work. We present some keys to understand this trend, highlighting the ingredients that are present in the worst Meteo-show.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Elena Teodoreanu

Abstract Archdeacon Paul of Aleppo of Damascus accompanied the Patriarch Macarios of Antioch, in Moldavia, Wallachia, Dobrogea for nearly seven years (1652-1659), just in time considered one of the coldest during the Little Ice Age, Maunder Minimum namely (1645-1715). His journey is recorded in his travel diary, written in Arabic and translated into Romanian in 1900. Romanian historians were particularly concerned with the information provided by the passenger about the towns, monasteries, and farmhouses, aspects of daily life, customs, habits and Romanian economy countries. But Paul of Aleppo describe and climate issues, particularly cold winters with frost Danube, snowy, storm at sea, rain, floods, etc. It is a very rich source of information in this area, so far little taken into consideration, showing that the Little Ice Age was also evident in Eastern Europe.


Author(s):  

Special features of the rain floods runoff formation and an approach to their simulating for small catchments of the zone of many-year frozen earths’ spreading are discussed. Information about heavy rains and resulted floods obtained from the observation data from the experimental catchments of the Kolyma and Bomnak runoff stations has been used as initial data. On the basis of the available concepts of the many-year frozen earths’ active layer dynamics and the outcomes of the different years’ experimental investigations, a mathematical model has been proposed. It enables to take into consideration the accumulating role of the soil melted layer and the moss cover. The НЕС-HMS simulating system able to reproduce the flood runoff course with the 1 hour time discontinuity in specific conditions of slope regulation on the basis of the Clark unit hydrograph method was used to take in account special features of the rain runoff formation.


2011 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Jun Yan ◽  
Ju Zhang ◽  
Xian Bo Yang ◽  
Yu Hua Zhang

The acceleration of urbanization and global warming are making urban rain-flood disaster more ordinary and more serious recently. Summing up the characters of urban rain-floods, the mechanism of urban rain-flood disasters is analyzed. More ever, the main countermeasures to prevent urban rain-flood disasters are stated. Finally, the optimal method to utilize urban rain-flood comprehensively is put forward.


2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
A. V. Krylov ◽  
N. A. Zav’yalov
Keyword(s):  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document