Analysis of Several Problems in the Construction of Sponge City

Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems. It is important for the construction of ecological civilization. It plays an important role in the green development and livability of the city. In the construction of a sponge city, it is necessary to make special urban planning and improve the top-level design. In recent years, China has developed a number of sponge city pilot projects. The numerous experiments act as important references for the urban construction in China. This paper mainly analyzes the requirements for the construction of sponge city and discusses several problems as well as solutions in the construction.

Geomatic-Based Flood Loss Assessment and Its Application in an Eastern City of China

Flash-flood disasters pose a serious threat to lives and property. To meet the increasing demand for refined and rapid assessment on flood loss, this study exploits geomatic technology to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data and put forward the comprehensive risk index (CRI) calculation with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Based on mathematical correlations between CRIs and actual losses of flood disasters in Weifang City, the direct economic loss rate (DELR) model and the agricultural economic loss rate (AELR) model were developed. The case study shows that the CRI system can accurately reflect the risk level of a flash-flood disaster. Both models are capable of simulating disaster impacts. The results are generally consistent with actual impacts. The quantified economic losses generated from simulation are close to actual losses. The spatial resolution is up to 100 × 100 m. This study provides a loss assessment method with high temporal and spatial resolution, which can quickly assess the loss of rainstorm and flood disasters. The method proposed in this paper, coupled with a case study, provides a reliable reference to loss assessment on flash floods caused disasters and will be helpful to the existing literature.

Mitigasi Dan Adaptasi Bencana Banjir di Kecamatan Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa

Bencana banjir yang terjadi secara terus-menerus dapat menyebabkan berbagai kondisi yang apabila terjadi dapat menimbulkan berbagai kerentanan yang memerlukan pemikiran yang lebih dalam untuk mengantisipasi bencana banjir. Mitigasi dan Adaptasi Bencana Banjir di Kecamatan Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa bertujuan untuk memetakan tingkat kerentanan bencana banjir dan upaya mitigasi dan adaptasi yang tepat berdasarakan tingkat kerentanan bencana banjir di Kecamatan Pallangga. Sejalan dengan tujuan penelitian ini maka dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, untuk menentukan tingkat kerentanan dengan analisis spasial overlay dan skoring parameter penentu kerentanan banjir. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Kecamatan Pallangga diklasifikasi dalam tiga tingkat kerentanan bencana banjir meliputi rentan tinggi, rentan sedang dan rentan rendah serta arahan mitigasi dan adaptasi bencana banjir berdasarkan tingkat kerentanan. The floods disasters that occur continuously can cause various conditions which can cause a variety of vulnerabilities that require deeper thought to anticipate. Flood mitigation and adaptation in Pallangga District of Gowa aims to map the level of flood vulnerability and provide mitigation and adaptation directions based on the level of flood vulnerability in Pallangga. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, to determine the level of vulnerability with spatial overlay analysis and weight scoring of parameters determining flood vulnerability. The results of this research are in Pallangga classified into three levels of vulnerability to flood disasters including high vulnerability, medium vulnerability and low vulnerability with directives flood mitigation and adaptation based on the level of vulnerability.

Reducing the Risk of Flood Disasters in Lamongan Regency Using the Geographic Information System (GIS)

Flood disasters cause negative impacts, such as damage to facilities to the onset of fatalities. Reducing the risk of flooding needs to be done to reduce the impact caused by this disaster. Lamongan Regency is one of the regencies in East Java affected by floods every year in most of its areas. This study aims to reduce the risk caused by flooding by using GIS (Geographic Information System). Mitigation is done by determining areas with a high potential risk of being affected by flooding. The study used spatial analysis functions in ArcGIS. Supporting variables used rainfall, land cover, slope, soil texture, and watershed area, and it becomes important in determining flood-prone areas. From the results, the largest soil classification is the Kpl soil type. Litosol Gray Grumosol, The wide distribution of rainfall from 1500-1750 mm has the widest distribution is 66,67 ha. The slope of 0-8% has the widest distribution of 92,257 ha, making Lamongan a very vulnerable high flood area. Laren District is the District with the greatest flood potential, and Irrigated Field is the dominant land cover type affected by the flood. With the flood disaster map generated from this research, local governments can seek prevention in areas with high flood potential. They can carry out socialization based on disaster mitigation, especially for districts with potential flooding.

Pengembangan Media Big Book terhadap Pengetahuan Bencana Banjir pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun

The increasing activity of the population and the need for space is a problem with the development trend in urban areas. Flash floods become the most dominating disaster. Lack of knowledge about the risks of flood disasters makes children the most vulnerable group in society when natural disasters occur. Knowledge of flood disasters needs to be introduced to children from an early age, because disasters have become a routine occurrence in daily life. This development research aims to determine the design of the big book media development and the feasibility of the big book media on knowledge of flood disasters in children aged 5-6 years. This research uses the type of research R & D or (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This research consists of 3 stages, namely: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development. Data collection techniques using questionnaire data. The media big book is A3 size and 18 pages in size, containing material about the causes and consequences of flooding, preparation before, during and after the flood. The big book media display shows the character Kiki with his father and mother during a flood and carrying equipment to face the flood. Feasibility of media products in terms of material and media based on assessment instrument indicators. Based on the analysis of the results of calculations based on the validation test by material experts amounting to 86.1% and media experts by 95.6%, the results are very feasible category. The percentage of results from suggestions and input by 10 PAUD teachers as media users obtained a result of 79.6%, which was categorized as feasible. Thus, the development of the big book media on knowledge of flood disasters in early childhood is deemed appropriate as a learning medium for early childhood.

Penerapan Algoritma K-Medoids dalam Menentukan Daerah Rawan Banjir di Kabupaten Karawang

Flood disasters often occur during the rainy season. Karawang is one area that is often flooded. Based on the risk index from BNPB, the flood disaster in Karawang affected 84% of the community, so efforts need to be made to reduce and overcome flood disasters. These problems are the beginning of efforts that need to be known which areas are prone to flooding. Therefore, this study aims to determine flood-prone areas in Karawang as an initial effort in tackling flood disasters. The research was conducted by classifying flood-prone areas using the k-medoids algorithm. K-Medoids uses the partition clustering method to group lists and objects into a number of clusters. This algorithm uses objects in a collection of objects that represent a cluster. The attributes used are flood-causing factors such as rainfall, elevation (soil height), population density, and distance to the river. The results of the study found three potential floods, namely low, medium, and high. There are 1 sub-district with low flood potential, 24 sub-districts with moderate flood potential, and 5 sub-districts with high flood potential. The test results using the silhouette coefficient get a value of 0.370.

Disaster and Education: Impact of Flood on School Going Children at Keshabpur Upazilla in Bangladesh

Introduction: Presently, there has been an emergent concern that rising numbers of the world’s population are deserted due to the undesirable impacts of natural hazards, especially floods. Geographically, Bangladesh is a low-lying flood plain country with only a few hills in the south-east and the north-east part. Undoubtedly, education is a principal factor of socio-economic development, but regrettably, Bangladesh is suffering from the uncontainable effects of floods. After considering such issues, the foremost focus of this study was to recognize both the academic challenges faced by school-going children during a flood and examine the impact of the flood on the health of the children. Methods: Interview schedule, questionnaire survey, and document analyses had been carried out for this study. The study design was carried out by applying a mixed method. Students of Biddanondokathi Government Primary School and Mangalkot Secondary School from Mirzapur village of Mangalkot union in Keshabpurupazilla were randomly selected. The well-structured questionnaires were disseminated to 80 respondents of two academic institutions of Keshabpurupazilla of Jashore district. Additionally, descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted to attain research objectives. Results: The outcome of this study revealed that flood unswervingly impacts the academic routine and health status of school-going children. Almost 93.8% of students faced academic challenges and 87.5% of children were the victims of waterborne diseases like diarrhea, skin diseases, and dysentery. Almost 82% of respondents did not go to school as the roads were impassable, 28.8% of individuals faced problems due to washed away bridges, and 28.8% faced challenges as their school was surrounded by water. About 66.2% of children dropped out of school and 17.5% of students did not attend their classes at all after the flood. Conclusions: Not only school-going children but also infrastructure is the crucial victims of flood disasters, compromising the children’s rights to access to quality education, information, good sanitation, as well as their participation rights. Flood disasters have key impacts on children’s education and progress and this study suggests that strategies need to be adapted to attend to the disaster risks encountered by school-going children of Bangladesh.

Das Ngrowo-Ngasinan: Pengaruh dan Manfaatnya Terhadap Tinggalan Arkeologi Di Trenggalek

The Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed is one of the Brantas watersheds covering an area of ​​1,188,800 hectares located in the Trenggalek Regency. The Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed consists of forests, fields, irrigated rice fields, plantations, and settlements which are flooded every year. Flood conditions that occur have an influence on archaeological remains around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed, namely Brongkah Temple, Semarum Site and Kamulan. Most of the archaeological remains are buried by alluvial deposits due to flooding and the overflow of the Ngrowo – Ngasinan River. The results of research conducted by Balar DIY in 2012-2015 through survey and excavation data collection methods indicate that the Semarun and Kamulan sites were abandoned because they were inundated and drowned due to the overflow (flood) of the Ngrowo and Ngasinan rivers. The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of the existence of the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed on the loss or damage of archaeological sites around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed. Morphologically, the archaeological sites in the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed have a very ideal position as a place of settlement, because their location is in a basin and sloping area, fertile, and close to water sources. The conclusion should be at the end of the abstract. Avoid the word 'disaster' (adjust title). Conclusion: The selection of residential locations around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed has a very significant impact or great risk for flood disasters because of its location on the banks of the river. Keywords: Ngrowo-Ngasinan Watershed, archaeological remains, flood.

Valuasi Dampak Banjir Di Kabupaten Landak, Kalimantan Barat

Banjir merupakan becana yang kerap sekali terjadi pada musim hujan, banjir dapat menyebabkan kehilangan harta benda maupun korban jiwa. Valuasi ekonomi akibat terjadinya banjir adalah salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung kerugian akibat terjadinya bencana banjir. Tidak adanya kajian mengenai kerentanan dan kerugian ekonomi akibat banjir pada tiga desa di Kecamatan Ngabang yaitu Desa Raja, Hilir Tengah dan Hilir Kantor adalah alasan dilakukannya penelitian ini. Tujuan dilakakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi besarnya tingkat kerentanan terhadap banjir yang terjadi dan menghitung valuasi kerugian ekonomi akibat terjadinya bencana banjir. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis kerentanan banjir menggunakan software ArcMap 10.3 adalah Analisa atribut meliputi pemberian skor kelas curah hujan, pemberian skor kelas tutupan lahan, pemberian skor kelas kemiringan lahan, pembobotan dan Analisa AHP. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung estimasi kerugian akibat banjir menggunakan metode ECLAC. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah perubahan tutupan lahan mengalami penurunan dan peningkatan luasan permukiman, pertanian/sawah, dan lahan terbuka/semak, Curah hujan yang tinggi dan kelerengan daerah yang landai menjadi parameter penyebab terjadinya banjir. Pada estimasi nilai kerugian akibat banjir dengan nilai kerugian menggunakan USD dan Emas pada tahun yang ditentukan dengan hasil total kerugian pada tahun 1973 adalah 73,7 Juta dollar, tahun 1989 180 juta dollar, tahun 1994 261 juta dollar, tahun 2000 261juta dollar, tahun 2010 1,1 miliar dollar, dan tahun 2020 1,9 miliar dollar.ABSTRACTFlood is a plan that often occurs in the rainy season, floods can cause loss of property and fatalities. Economic valuation due to flooding is one way that can be used to calculate losses due to flood disasters. The absence of studies on vulnerability and economic losses due to flooding in three villages in Ngabang Subdistrict namely Desa Raja, Hilir Tengah and Hilir Kantor is the reason for this research. The purpose of this study is to identify and inventory the level of vulnerability to floods that occur and calculate the valuation of economic losses due to flood disasters. The methods used in analyzing flood vulnerabilities using ArcMap 10.3 software are attribute analysis including rainfall class scoring, giving land cover class scores, awarding land slope class scores, weighting and AHP Analysis. The method used to calculate the estimated loss due to flooding uses the ECLAC method. The results obtained in this study are changes in land cover experiencing a decrease and increase in the area of settlements, agriculture / rice fields, and open land / bush, high rainfall and marbles of sloping areas become parameters of the cause of flooding. In the estimated value of losses due to floods with the value of losses using USD and Gold in the specified year with the total loss in 1973 was 73.7 million dollars, in 1989 180 million dollars, in 1994 261 million dollars, in 2000 261 million dollars, in 2010 1.1 billion dollars, and in 2020 1.9 billion dollars.