Analyze the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan City Based on Large-Scale Events and Extreme Weather

This article analyzes the impact of large-scale mass activities and extreme weather on the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, confirming that the South China Seafood Market is indeed the origin of the Wuhan epidemic, and found that the probability of respiratory transmission is low in open space, while food transmission is possible. At the same time, it was found that the outbreaks of SARS in Beijing in 2003 and COVID-19 in Wuhan in 2019 were both related to extreme weather. By investigating genomics and epidemiological data, it was determined that the first COVID-19 case in Wuhan was in November, and the beginning of the epidemic was in late November. Comparing the climate of November, December and January in Wuhan from 2011 to 2020, it is found that there are a lot of extreme weather events in Wuhan from the end of 2019 to the beginning of 2020, including strong winds, heavy rains, large cooling after continuous high temperature, and continuous low temperature and rainy after large cooling, the temperature suddenly rises and then drops rapidly, the wind continues to weaken for many days and then suddenly increases, and long rainy days, etc.

Influence of cyclonic disturbances from sea on rainfall over Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh

Using data of 84 Years, the influence of depressions and cyclonic storms on the rainfall over Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh is studied. The portions of the Ghats, which receive heavy rains due to a depression or cyclonic storm are identified and the rainfall distribution in corresponding months is studied. The results show that the depressions/cyclonic storms crossing not only the coastal parts of AndhraPradesh but also those of south Orissa north and TamilNadu can cause heavy rain over the Ghats in Andhra Pradesh.

Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka floods of November 1992 --A meteorological study

Observations made with the help of INSAT imageries in connection with the development and track of the Tuticorin cyclone which gave heavy rains causing devastating floods in Tamil Nadu. Kerala and Karnataka in November 1992. reveal the following . (i) The movement of the Cyclonic Storm (CS) was affected by the mid-tropospheric easterly and westerly troughs into which its circulation got embedded successively. (ii) The CS reintensified on approaching the Tamil Nadu coast. (iii) Near the west coast the cloud body of the deep depression moved over land ahead of its circulationwhich was still centred over sea.

The floods in north India in 1988- Forecasting aspects

Severe floods/flash floods ravaged the States of Jammu& Kashmir, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab during, (i) 2nd half of July and last half of August 1988. and (ii) 4th week of September 1988. They took place when heavy rains occurred in these States due to the interaction of mid-latitude westerly troughs with the monsoon pulses In the form of equatorial zones of maximum cloudiness (EZMC), located south of 20 N. Satellite pictures and synoptic charts suggest that: (a) The systems which formed in July-August 1988 were fed by moisture mainly from the Arabian Sea and had tropical characteristic, and (b) The systems which formed in SejJtember.198.8 had their moisture supply both from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal and were extra-tropical in character.. The paper describes two of these events in detail. The satellite picture3 show cloud formation resulting in heavy rains.

A probabilistic study of monsoon daily rainfall at Calcutta by Markovian model and trend of rainfall during monsoon season

One-step transitional probability matrices are obtained by Markovian model from one transitional state to other for different rainfall characteristics (such as, non-rainy days, light rains, moderate rains, heavy rains and very heavy rains) at Calcutta (Alipore) for different monsoon months. The disorderness (unvertainty) of the transitional system of the monsoon rainfall characteristics are studied by Shannon’s model. The favourable or unfavourable condition of different states are also studied by redundancy test during monsoon period at Caluctta. A Long-run probability vectors of such rainfall characteristics are found out from probability matrices. A trend in rainfall amounts during monsoon period at Calcutta for each of the monsoon month, June to September, has also been studied here.

Tropical cyclones - Synoptic methods of forecasting

The tropical cyclone is one of the most destructive natural disasters which is capable of causing loss of life and damage to the property. Strong winds, heavy rains and storm surges associated with the cyclones, are the phenomena which are responsible for causing the damage. The issue of warnings about the impending cyclones in time help to reduce the loss of lives that the cyclone causes. To forecast its formation, structure and movement, the processes involved in its evolution and subsequent movement, are to be understood well. In this article an attempt has been made to review the literature about the cyclone characteristics and its structure. Synoptic methods of forecasting its formation and movement are also reviewed. Existing literature on their association with QBO and ENSO is also summarized. Some forecasting rules that may be of help to an operational forecaster are mentioned.

Orissa super cyclone – A Synopsis

lkj & 29 vDrwcj 1999] dks ikjknhi ds fudV vk, egkpØokrh; rwQku us mM+hlk dks rgl ugl dj Mkyk ftlds dkj.k ikjknhi ds fudV ,d ySUMQky cu x;k blds dkj.k van:uh {ks=ksa esa yxHkx 260 ls 270 fd-eh- izfr?kaVk dh rhozxfr ls gok,¡ pyus ls leqnz esa Å¡ph&Å¡ph rjaxsa mBha vkSj leqnz ds ty dk Lrj 20 QhV ls Hkh vf/kd c<+ x;kA bl egkpØokrh; rwQku ds dkj.k yxHkx 10]000 yksxksa dks vius cgqewY; thou ls gkFk /kksuk iM+kA blds lkFk&lkFk vlk/kkj.k Hkkjh o"kkZ gqbZ ftlds dkj.k izy;adkjh ck<+ vkus ls jkT; dk lewps ns’k ls laidZ dV x;kA bl 'kks/k&i= esa jsMkj vkSj mixzg ds fp=ksa] ikjEifjd vk¡dM+ksa] la[;kRed ekWMyksa ls bl pØokr ds mRiUu gksus vkSj mlds vkxs c<+us ds fofHkUu y{k.kksa dk foospu fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa pØokr ls gq, fouk’k ds fy, jkT; vkSj dsUnzh; vfHkdj.kksa }kjk vkink izca/ku ds :Ik esa okLrfod le; ij fd, x, jkgr dk;ksZa ij fo’ks"k cy fn;k x;k gSA ABSTRACT. Orissa was battered by a Super Cyclonic Storm on 29 October, 1999 that made landfall near Paradip (43976). The estimated maximum wind speed reached 260-270 kmph in the core area which produced a huge storm surge that led to sea-level elevation of more than 20 feet and took away valuable lives of nearly 10,000 people. It was accompanied with exceptionally heavy rains which led to devastating floods and cut off the State from the rest of the country. An attempt is made to describe the various features of development and movement of this cyclone through radar and satellite imageries, conventional data and numerical models. Emphasis is laid on the real-time handling of this event, impacts made by the cyclone and the services rendered in relation to disaster management by the State and Central Agencies.

Anticipated maximum scale precipitation for calculating the worst-case floods

Against increasing number of unprecedented heavy rains and typhoons reflecting climate change, the Japanese Government decided saving life as the top priority considering a ‘worst-case’ scenario. Accordingly, the Flood Risk Management Act was amended in 2015 to use the anticipated maximum scale precipitation (AMSP) for flood inundation calculation. In order to estimate the AMSP, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) chose historical maximum areal precipitation in the form of duration–area–depth (DAD) curves rather than climate change projections' dataset d4PDF. In this paper, policy development and detailed estimation procedures for the AMSP were reviewed and discussed. It was concluded that the current climate change projections are still not accurate enough to be used as the basis for real local operations, while long accumulated ground observations and ground-based radars are available in good quality all over Japan. But at the same time, historical maximum should always be updated as past records are renewed. Also, regional partitioning should not be done at too coarse of scale for proper regionalization of DAD. Such strategy would serve as a useful reference for other nations.