Nervous Conduction: Early Connectionism, Physical Analogies and Machines

2002 ◽  
pp. 31-81
Author(s):  
Roberto Cordeschi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Conduction

Local anaesthetics: Theoretical aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110351
Author(s):  
Gareth Allen ◽  
Rebecca Butler
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Minor Surgical Procedures ◽  
Nervous Conduction

Local anaesthetics are frequently used in both primary and secondary care. These agents transiently reduce the nervous conduction of nociceptive signals, reducing sensations of pain. In primary care, local anaesthetics are often used for minor surgical procedures. However, there are other uses for these agents. It is important to understand the issues encountered when using local anaesthetics in primary care. This review will cover clinical use, relevant pharmacology and adverse effects of the different local anaesthetic preparations.

ACETYLCHOLINE IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L.: IV. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTERASE INHIBITION IN INTOXICATION, ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS, AND NERVOUS CONDUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Esterase Inhibition ◽  
Parathion Poisoning ◽  
Nervous Transmission ◽  
Nervous Conduction

Inhibition of ali-esterase (ALiE) of roaches by injections of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) did not result in organophosphorus intoxication. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not inhibited. Topical application of either tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP) or O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion) to roaches treated with TOCP resulted in poisoning, inhibition of AChE, increases in the amount of acetylcholine (ACh), and disturbances in electrical nervous activity. Similar results were found for roaches treated only with either TEPP or parathion, but prostration was achieved more quickly in roaches first treated with TOCP, suggesting that TOCP treatment potentiated TEPP and parathion poisoning. Studies of electrical nervous activity in roaches showed that nervous conduction was not interfered with by ALiE inhibition. Synaptic nervous transmission was disrupted by inhibition of AChE with TEPP. Axonic nervous transmission was unimpaired although AChE was found to be inhibited.

ACETYLCHOLINE IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L.: IV. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTERASE INHIBITION IN INTOXICATION, ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS, AND NERVOUS CONDUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Esterase Inhibition ◽  
Parathion Poisoning ◽  
Nervous Transmission ◽  
Nervous Conduction

Inhibition of ali-esterase (ALiE) of roaches by injections of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) did not result in organophosphorus intoxication. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not inhibited. Topical application of either tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP) or O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion) to roaches treated with TOCP resulted in poisoning, inhibition of AChE, increases in the amount of acetylcholine (ACh), and disturbances in electrical nervous activity. Similar results were found for roaches treated only with either TEPP or parathion, but prostration was achieved more quickly in roaches first treated with TOCP, suggesting that TOCP treatment potentiated TEPP and parathion poisoning. Studies of electrical nervous activity in roaches showed that nervous conduction was not interfered with by ALiE inhibition. Synaptic nervous transmission was disrupted by inhibition of AChE with TEPP. Axonic nervous transmission was unimpaired although AChE was found to be inhibited.

scholarly journals RESPIRATORY CHANGES INDUCED BY THE IMMEDIATE BLOCK OF NERVOUS CONDUCTION IN THE VAGUS NERVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sant'Ambrogio ◽  
Enrico Camporesi ◽  
Hilary Sellick ◽  
Jacopo Mortola
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Nervous Conduction

The History of ‘Nervous Disorders' from 1600 to 1840, and a Comparison with Modern Views

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hare
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Pathological Change ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
General Term ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Nervous Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Nervous Conduction

In the 18th century the main varieties of nervous illness – hypochondria, hysteria, the spleen, the vapours and dyspepsia – became included under the general term ‘nervous disorders'. When no physical disorder of the nerves could be detected in such conditions, the hypothesis of nervous disorder was replaced by the more vague concept of ‘nervous temperament’. The fact that there is still no evidence of pathological change in such cases continues to expose physicians to the alternative hypothesis of a purely psychological cause. The modern era in our understanding of the nervous system may be said to date from 1843 when Du Bois Reymond showed the electrical nature of nervous conduction. The publication of Jordan'sBriefe Discoursein 1603 may be taken to represent the start of a discrete period (1600 to 1840) in the history of neurotic illness.

scholarly journals The Movements of the Proboscis in Glycera Dibranchiata Ehlers

1937 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-301
Author(s):  
G. P. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Spontaneous Movement ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Glycera Dibranchiata ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Conduction

1. The gut of Glycera consists of (a) the buccal tube, (b) the pharynx, containing the jaws with their associated muscles and glands and the principal stomatogastric ganglia, (c) the oesophagus, leading from the pharynx to (d) the intestine, in which digestion occurs. 2. An "isolated extrovert" preparation is described, consisting of the buccal tube, pharynx and oesophagus. The movements of the buccal tube and oesophagus are recorded separately. The preparation has the following properties: (a) The buccal tube shows vigorous, rapid contractions with a somewhat irregular rhythm. These contractions are due to impulses coming forwards from the pharynx, the buccal tube itself having little power of spontaneous movement. (b) The oesophagus shows tone-waves, on which more rapid contractions of small amplitude may be superposed. These contractions and tone-waves are due to impulses originating in the wall of the oesophagus itself. (c) In a few preparations only, synchronous movements of buccal tube and oesophagus were seen. The site of origin of this synchronous activity was not determined. 3. An "extrovert-body wall" preparation is described, in which the movements of the body wall and buccal tube are separately recorded while the normal nervous conduction paths between them remain intact. The preparation has the following properties: (a) In most cases the body wall shows slight movements only, and the buccal tube moves little or not at all. If, however, the buccal tube be cut across close to the mouth, it begins an irregular rhythm of vigorous contractions, due to impulses originating in the pharynx, which usually continues without diminution for hours. The quiescence of the buccal tube before this cut is made indicates that the central nervous system normally exerts an inhibitory influence on the pharynx. (b) In a few preparations, correlated outbursts of contraction in the body wall and buccal tube were seen. These outbursts, which possibly correspond to extrusion movements of the intact worm, are due to impulses originating in the central nervous system. 4. The results are compared with those previously obtained on Arenicola marina, and reported in an earlier paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document