Decision-Making in Changeable Spaces (DMCS): A New Paradigm

Background: Many jurisdictions delivering health care, including Canada, have developed guidance for conducting economic evaluation, often in the service of larger health technology assessment (HTA) and reimbursement processes. Like any health intervention, personalized medical (PM) interventions have costs and consequences that must be considered by reimbursement authorities with limited resources. However, current approaches to economic evaluation to support decision making have been largely developed from population-based approaches to therapy—that is, evaluating the costs and consequences of single interventions across single populations. This raises the issue as to whether these methods, as they are or more refined, are adequate to address more targeted approaches to therapy, or whether a new paradigm for assessing value in PM is required.Objectives: We describe specific issues relevant to the economic evaluation of diagnostics-based PM and assess whether current guidance for economic evaluation is sufficient to support decision making for PM interventions.Methods: Issues were identified through literature review and informal interviews with national and international experts (n = 10) in these analyses. This article elaborates on findings and discussion at a workshop held in Ottawa, Canada, in January 2012.Results: Specific issues related to better guiding economic evaluation of personalized medicine interventions include: how study questions are developed, populations are characterized, comparators are defined, effectiveness is evaluated, outcomes are valued and how resources are measured. Diagnostics-based PM also highlights the need for analyses outside of economic evaluation to support decision making.Conclusions: The consensus of this group of experts is that the economic evaluation of diagnostics-based PM may not require a new paradigm. However, greater complexity means that existing approaches and tools may require improvement to undertake these more analyses.

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AI-Enabled Sensing and Decision-Making for IoT Systems

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2021/6616279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hao Qinxia ◽

Shah Nazir ◽

Ma Li ◽

Habib Ullah ◽

Wang Lianlian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Real Life ◽

Research Community ◽

Smart Sensors ◽

Future Research ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Intelligent Devices ◽

Research Questions

The influential stage of Internet of Things (IoT) has reformed all fields of life in general but specifically with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn the attention of researchers into a new paradigm of life standard. This revolution has been accepted around the globe for making life easier with the use of intelligent devices such as smart sensors, actuators, and many other devices. AI-enabled devices are more intelligent and capable of doing a specific task which saves a lot of resources and time. Different approaches are available in the existing literature to tackle diverse issues of real life based on AI and IoT systems. The role of decision-making has its own importance in the AI-enabled and IoT systems. In-depth knowledge of the existing literature is dire need of the research community to summarize the literature in effective way by which practitioners and researchers can benefit from the prevailing proofs and suggest new solutions for solving a particular problem of AI-enabled sensing and decision-making for the IoT system. To facilitate research community, the proposed study presents a systematic literature review of the existing literature, organizes the evidences in a systematic way, and then analyzes it for future research. The study reported the literature of the last 5 years based on the research questions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality assessment of the selected study. Finally, derivations are drawn from the included paper for future research.

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Big Data and Data Analytics Research

Web Services ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7501-6.ch112 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 2161-2171

Author(s):

Miltiadis D. Lytras ◽

Vijay Raghavan ◽

Ernesto Damiani

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Big Data ◽

Data Analytics ◽

Business Models ◽

Internet Technology ◽

Cognitive Computing ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Web Science ◽

New Business ◽

Value Propositions

The Big Data and Data Analytics is a brand new paradigm, for the integration of Internet Technology in the human and machine context. For the first time in the history of the human mankind we are able to transforming raw data that are massively produced by humans and machines in to knowledge and wisdom capable of supporting smart decision making, innovative services, new business models, innovation, and entrepreneurship. For the Web Science research, this is a new methodological and technological spectrum of advanced methods, frameworks and functionalities never experienced in the past. At the same moment communities out of web science need to realize the potential of this new paradigm with the support of new sound business models and a critical shift in the perception of decision making. In this short visioning article, the authors are analyzing the main aspects of Big Data and Data Analytics Research and they provide their own metaphor for the next years. A number of research directions are outlined as well as a new roadmap towards the evolution of Big Data to Smart Decisions and Cognitive Computing. The authors do hope that the readers would like to react and to propose their own value propositions for the domain initiating a scientific dialogue beyond self-fulfilled expectations.

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Home Country Control with Consent: A New Paradigm for Ensuring Trust and Cooperation in the Internal Market?

Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies ◽

10.1017/s152888700000313x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 467-501

Author(s):

Pierre Schammo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Home Country ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Internal Market ◽

European Market ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Home State ◽

National Competent Authorities ◽

Market Infrastructure

Abstract Home country control has been a long-standing principle of supervisory governance in the internal market. However, in the wake of the financial crisis, the principle has come under stress. This chapter looks at ways to deal with home country control by putting forward for discussion a new paradigm which I will coin ‘home country control with consent’ (HCC-C). My aim is to examine the building blocks of HCC-C but also to reflect more generally on the merit of a (mostly horizontal) supervisory arrangement which allows other (host) actors to get involved in the decision making of a home state authority. To describe such involvement, I will use the term ‘interference’. The basic problematic that I seek to address is that of ensuring cooperation and trust between national competent authorities. To identify the building blocks of HCC-C, I will turn to the recently enacted European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) which provides a possible, even if embryonic, template for HCC-C.

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Moving from situational awareness to decisions during disaster response: Transition to decision making

Journal of Emergency Management ◽

10.5055/jem.2013.0155 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeffrey A. Glick, PhD ◽

Joseph A. Barbera, MD

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Disaster Response ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Initial Response ◽

Structured Interview ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Disaster Situation ◽

Data Elements

During major disasters, at what point in the decisional process do senior government officials transition from developing necessary situational awareness to perform decision making? This “transition to decision making” (TDM) concept was analyzed through a structured interview survey of 25 current and former US Federal Coordinating Officers (FCOs) and focused on their decision-making process during the initial response period in a Presidentially declared Stafford Act disaster. This analysis suggests that the TDM for these emergency leaders is influenced by the following five factors: 1) Analogue Factor: the decision maker’s previous knowledge and experience from analogous disaster situations; 2) New Paradigm Factor: the degree to which the disaster situation is very atypical to the decision maker due to hazard type and/or situation severity, 3) Data Capture Factor: the quality, amount, and speed of disaster situation data conveyed to the decision maker; 4) Data Integration Factor: the decision maker’s ability to integrate situational data elements into a mental framework/picture; and 5) Time Urgency Factor: the decision maker’s perception as to time available before a decision has to be made. The article describes the factors and graphs that how these may influence the timing of the TDM in four types of emergency situations faced by FCOs: 1) an analogue disaster, 2) a disaster situation that presents a new paradigm, 3) an intuitive disaster situation, and 4) a disaster requiring an urgent response.

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Decision-making, intermodal transportation, and sustainable mobility: towards a new paradigm

International Social Science Journal ◽

10.1111/1468-2451.55020141 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 173-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph S. Szyliowicz

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Intermodal Transportation ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Sustainable Mobility

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Artificial Immune Systems (Ais) - A New Paradigm for Heuristic Decision Making

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2832018 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Uwe Aickelin

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Artificial Immune Systems ◽

Artificial Immune ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Immune Systems

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Towards a descriptivist psychology of reasoning and decision making

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x11001440 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 275-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jonathan St. B. T. Evans ◽

Shira Elqayam

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Research Strategy ◽

Epistemic Rationality ◽

Dual Process ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Psychological Study ◽

Psychology Of Reasoning ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Normative Concepts ◽

Normative Evaluation

AbstractOur target article identifiednormativismas the view that rationality should be evaluated against unconditional normative standards. We believe this to be entrenched in the psychological study of reasoning and decision making and argued that it is damaging to this empirical area of study, calling instead for a descriptivist psychology of reasoning and decision making. The views of 29 commentators (from philosophy and cognitive science as well as psychology) were mixed, including some staunch defences of normativism, but also a number that were broadly supportive of our position, although critical of various details. In particular, many defended a position that we call “soft normativism,” which sees a role for normative evaluation within boundaries alongside more descriptive research goals. In this response, we clarify our use of the term “instrumental rationality” and add discussion of “epistemic rationality,” defining both as descriptive and non-normative concepts. We consider the debate with reference to dual-process theory, the “new paradigm” psychology of reasoning, and empirical research strategy in these fields. We also discuss cognitive variation by age, intelligence, and culture, and the issue of relative versus absolute definitions of norms. In conclusion, we hope at least to have raised consciousness about the important boundaries between norm and description in the psychology of thinking.

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Decentralisation, Integration and Accountability: Perceptions of New Zealand's Top Health Service Managers

Health Services Management Research ◽

10.1177/095148489500800204 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 121-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Laurence Malcolm ◽

Pauline Barnett

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Health Services ◽

Service Management ◽

Quality Care ◽

Community Services ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Senior Managers ◽

Treatment Services ◽

Primary Health ◽

Service Managers

This paper reports on the findings of a representative survey of senior managers within New Zealand's health system. Respondents report most favourably upon the implementation of a new organisational structure, service management, which appears to have largely replaced the traditional division of health services into hospitals and community services. Service management, which is the decentralisation of decision making to integrated patient groupings, i.e. medicine, surgery, mental health, women's health, primary health care etc., appears to have been remarkably successful, in the view of the respondents, in achieving greater efficiencies, better quality care, better decision making about priorities and greater accountability of doctors. A majority of respondents consider that services have replaced hospitals as organisational entities. Significant progress is reported in the integration of hospital and community services, primary and secondary care, preventive and treatment services and of public, private and voluntary services through service management. The findings point to a new paradigm which may be of fundamental significance in the future organisation of health services.

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