Reaching Consensus via Polynomial Stochastic Operators: A General Study

Author(s):  
Mansoor Saburov ◽  
Khikmat Saburov
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
MANUEL L. REYES ◽  
DANIEL ROGALSKI

Abstract This is a general study of twisted Calabi–Yau algebras that are $\mathbb {N}$ -graded and locally finite-dimensional, with the following major results. We prove that a locally finite graded algebra is twisted Calabi–Yau if and only if it is separable modulo its graded radical and satisfies one of several suitable generalizations of the Artin–Schelter regularity property, adapted from the work of Martinez-Villa as well as Minamoto and Mori. We characterize twisted Calabi–Yau algebras of dimension 0 as separable k-algebras, and we similarly characterize graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebras of dimension 1 as tensor algebras of certain invertible bimodules over separable algebras. Finally, we prove that a graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebra of dimension 2 is noetherian if and only if it has finite GK dimension.


2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOYAN YANG

AbstractWe define model structures on a triangulated category with respect to some proper classes of triangles and give a general study of triangulated model structures. We look at the relationship between these model structures and cotorsion pairs with respect to a proper class of triangles on the triangulated category. In particular, we get Hovey's one-to-one correspondence between triangulated model structures and complete cotorsion pairs with respect to a proper class of triangles. Some applications are given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Alexey Z. Chernyak ◽  

The idea that knowledge as an individual mental attitude with certain propositional content is not only true justified belief but a belief the truth of which does not result from any kind of luck, is widely spread in contemporary epistemology. This account is known as anti-luck epistemology. A very popular explanation of the inconsistency of that concept of knowledge with the luck-dependent nature of truth (so called veritic luck taking place when a subject’s belief could not be true if not by mere coincidence) presumes that the status of propositional knowledge crucially depends on the qualities of actions that result in the corresponding belief, or processes backing them, which reflect the socalled intellectual virtues mainly responsible for subject’s relevant competences. This account known as Virtue Epistemology presumes that if a belief is true exclusively or mainly due to its dependence on intellectual virtues, it just cannot be true by luck, hence no place for lucky knowledge. But this thesis is hard to prove given the existence of true virtuous beliefs which could nevertheless be false if not for some lucky (for the knower) accident. This led to an appearance of virtue epistemological theories aimed specifically at an assimilation of such cases. Their authors try to represent the relevant situations as such where the contribution of luck is not crucial whereas the contribution of virtues is crucial. This article provides a critical analysis of the corresponding arguments as part of a more general study of the ability of Virtue Epistemology to provide justification for the thesis of incompatibility of propositional knowledge with veritic luck. It is shown that there are good reasons to doubt that Virtue Epistemology can do this.


2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (7) ◽  
pp. 1398-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Petersen

We prove that the tautological ring of ${\mathcal{M}}_{2,n}^{\mathsf{ct}}$, the moduli space of $n$-pointed genus two curves of compact type, does not have Poincaré duality for any $n\geqslant 8$. This result is obtained via a more general study of the cohomology groups of ${\mathcal{M}}_{2,n}^{\mathsf{ct}}$. We explain how the cohomology can be decomposed into pieces corresponding to different local systems and how the tautological cohomology can be identified within this decomposition. Our results allow the computation of $H^{k}({\mathcal{M}}_{2,n}^{\mathsf{ct}})$ for any $k$ and $n$ considered both as $\mathbb{S}_{n}$-representation and as mixed Hodge structure/$\ell$-adic Galois representation considered up to semi-simplification. A consequence of our results is also that all even cohomology of $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{2,n}$ is tautological for $n<20$, and that the tautological ring of $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{2,n}$ fails to have Poincaré duality for all $n\geqslant 20$. This improves and simplifies results of the author and Orsola Tommasi.


2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLIFFORD J. CARRUBBA ◽  
MATTHEW GABEL ◽  
LACEY MURRAH ◽  
RYAN CLOUGH ◽  
ELIZABETH MONTGOMERY ◽  
...  

Scholars often use roll-call votes to study legislative behaviour. However, many legislatures only conclude a minority of decisions by roll call. Thus, if these votes are not a random sample of the universe of votes cast, scholars may be drawing misleading inferences. In fact, theories over why roll-call votes are requested would predict selection bias based on exactly the characteristics of legislative voting that scholars have most heavily studied. This article demonstrates the character and severity of this sampling problem empirically by examining European Parliament vote data for a whole year. Given that many legislatures decided only a fraction of their legislation by roll call, these findings have potentially important implications for the general study of legislative behaviour.


2011 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
Bao Guo Ma ◽  
Hui Xian Wang ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Liu Qing Song

This paper provides a general study on cement paste flow which derived from self- compacting concretes. Rheometer, Marsh cone and mini-slump cone were used to evaluate fluidity of cement pastes containing superplasticizers of different types and dosages and loss of fluidity over time. There is a superplasticizer saturation dosage beyond which no significant fluidity increase can be found. This paper evaluated the effect of these three methods using rheometer as control and the optimum superplasticizer type for the preparation of self-compacting concrete was suggested.


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