Oxidant Stress in Atherosclerosis: Oxidatively Modified LDL and LOX-1

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-373
Author(s):  
Ajoe John Kattoor ◽  
Jawahar L. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

Decrease of oxidatively modified LDL during long-term LDL-apheresis treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mrzljak ◽  
Zdenka Turk ◽  
Pajica Pavkovic ◽  
Zeljko Metelko
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Apheresis ◽  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

Abstract 180: Increased Atherosclerosis Associated with Periodontal Disease Is Mediated by CD36

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Febbraio ◽  
Paul M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

We previously showed that inflammation, and not hyperlipidemia alone, was necessary for CD36 dependent atherogenesis. Chronic periodontal disease is characterized by a persistent inflammatory state and is epidemiologically associated with cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that CD36 is an essential link between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. Low density lipoprotein receptor knock out (LDLR KO) mice and CD36/LDLR double KO mice were infected with the periodontal disease associated bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), by oral lavage and fed a Western diet for 12 weeks (n = 7-14/group). We assessed periodontal disease, risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, and lesion burden. We conducted studies in isolated macrophages to understand mechanistic differences between the groups. Wild type and CD36 KO macrophages equally phagocytosed bacteria. We measured the cemento-enamel junction of each molar to assess periodontal disease and found that it was significantly increased in infected mice compared with uninfected controls. Histological analysis showed neutrophil, osteoclast and macrophage infiltrates in the alveolar bone of infected mice. Differences in plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol, insulin resistance and weight gain did not necessarily track with atherosclerosis burden, however blood neutrophils and cytokines were increased in infected LDLR KO mice compared with all other groups. Infected LDLR KO mice had significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion burden compared with uninfected LDLR KO mice, and all of the increased lesion was CD36 dependent. PCR analysis found no evidence for direct infection of atherosclerotic lesions by Pg. In vitro macrophage studies showed that heat killed Pg, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pg, oxidatively modified LDL or plasma from infected mice, could not activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Combining heat killed Pg or Pg LPS with oxidatively modified LDL or plasma from infected mice, however, led to significant IL-1 beta secretion that was CD36 and NFkB dependent. Our data suggest that atherosclerosis associated with periodontal disease is mediated by cellular inflammatory responses involving both CD36 and Toll-like receptor.

scholarly journals Significance of Autoantibodies to Oxidatively Modified LDL in Plasma of Children with Down Syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fulgenzi ◽  
Ken Wasserman ◽  
Massimiliano M Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

scholarly journals On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: enzymatic transformation of human low density lipoprotein to an atherogenic moiety.

1995 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 1959-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bhakdi ◽  
B Dorweiler ◽  
R Kirchmann ◽  
J Torzewski ◽  
E Weise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Ester Formation ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

Combined treatment with trypsin, cholesterol esterase, and neuraminidase transforms LDL, but not HDL or VLDL, to particles with properties akin to those of lipid extracted from atherosclerotic lesions. Single or double enzyme modifications, or treatment with phospholipase C, or simple vortexing are ineffective. Triple enzyme treatment disrupts the ordered and uniform structure of LDL particles, and gives rise to the formation of inhomogeneous lipid droplets 10-200 nm in diameter with a pronounced net negative charge, but lacking significant amounts of oxidized lipid. Enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL), but not oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL), is endowed with potent complement-activating capacity. As previously found for lipid isolated from atherosclerotic lesions, complement activation occurs to completion via the alternative pathway and is independent of antibody. E-LDL is rapidly taken up by human macrophages to an extent exceeding the uptake of acetylated LDL (ac-LDL) or oxidatively modified LDL. After 16 h, cholesteryl oleate ester formation induced by E-LDL (50 micrograms/ml cholesterol) was in the range of 6-10 nmol/mg protein compared with 3-6 nmol/mg induced by an equivalent amount of acetylated LDL. At this concentration, E-LDL was essentially devoid of direct cytotoxic effects. Competition experiments indicated that uptake of E-LDL was mediated in part by ox-LDL receptor(s). Thus, approximately 90% of 125I-ox-LDL degradation was inhibited by a 2-fold excess of unlabeled E-LDL. Uptake of 125I-LDL was not inhibited by E-LDL. We hypothesize that extracellular enzymatic modification may represent an important step linking subendothelial deposition of LDL to the initiation of atherosclerosis.

Role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerosis

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs P. Steinbrecher ◽  
Hanfang Zhang ◽  
Marilee Lougheed
Keyword(s):  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

Oxidatively modified LDL and atherosclerosis: An evolving plausible scenario

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jialal ◽  
Cindy J. Fuller ◽  
Sam Parthasarathy
Keyword(s):  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

Human cardiac microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells respond differently to oxidatively modified LDL

1998 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gräfe ◽  
Wolfgang Auch-Schwelk ◽  
Hartmut Hertel ◽  
Dirk Terbeek ◽  
Gerhard Steinheider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified

scholarly journals Autoantibodies Against Oxidatively Modified LDL Do Not Constitute a Risk Factor for Stroke

Stroke ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2541-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejaz Ahmed ◽  
Jasmina Trifunovic ◽  
Birgitta Stegmayr ◽  
Göran Hallmans ◽  
Ann Kari Lefvert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Modified Ldl ◽  
Oxidatively Modified
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