Role of Wild Relatives for Development of Climate-Resilient Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Manmohan Sharma ◽  
Punya ◽  
Bharat Bhushan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives

Role of lncRNAs in wheat and its wild relatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Shumayla ◽  
Shivi Tyagi ◽  
Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives

scholarly journals Genomics of long- and short- term adaptation in maize and teosinte

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lorant ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Maud Tenaillon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Genetic Bases

Maize is an excellent model for the study of plant adaptation. Indeed, post domestication maize quickly adapted to a host of new environments across the globe. And work over the last decade has begun to highlight the role of the wild relatives of maize – the teosintes Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana – as excellent models for dissecting long-term local adaptation. Although human-driven selection associated with maize domestication has been extensively studied, the genetic bases of natural variation is still poorly understood. Here we review studies on the genetic basis of adaptation and plasticity in maize and its wild relatives. We highlight a range of different processes that contribute to adaptation and discuss evidence from natural, cultivated, and experimental populations. From an applied perspective, understanding the genetic bases of adaptation and the contribution of plasticity will provide us with new tools to both better understand and mitigate the effect of climate changes on natural and cultivated populations.

scholarly journals Ecological Assembly Processes of the Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota of Wild and Domesticated Wheat Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amine Hassani ◽  
Ezgi Özkurt ◽  
Sören Franzenburg ◽  
Eva H. Stukenbrock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Ecological Selection ◽  
Fungal Microbiota ◽  
Anthropogenic Intervention ◽  
Open Access Article

Domestication has led to substantial changes in plant physiology. How this anthropogenic intervention has contributed in altering the wheat microbiota is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of ecological selection, drift, and dispersal in shaping the bacterial and fungal communities associated with domesticated wheat Triticum aestivum and two wild relatives, T. boeoticum and T. urartu. Our study shows that the bacterial and fungal microbiota of wild and domesticated wheat species follow distinct community assembly patterns. Further, we revealed a more prominent role of neutral processes in the assembly of the microbiota of domesticated wheat and propose that domestication has relaxed selective processes in the assembly of the wheat microbiota. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Genomics of long- and short- term adaptation in maize and teosinte

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lorant ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Maud Tenaillon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Genetic Bases

Maize is an excellent model for the study of plant adaptation. Indeed, post domestication maize quickly adapted to a host of new environments across the globe. And work over the last decade has begun to highlight the role of the wild relatives of maize – the teosintes Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana – as excellent models for dissecting long-term local adaptation. Although human-driven selection associated with maize domestication has been extensively studied, the genetic bases of natural variation is still poorly understood. Here we review studies on the genetic basis of adaptation and plasticity in maize and its wild relatives. We highlight a range of different processes that contribute to adaptation and discuss evidence from natural, cultivated, and experimental populations. From an applied perspective, understanding the genetic bases of adaptation and the contribution of plasticity will provide us with new tools to both better understand and mitigate the effect of climate changes on natural and cultivated populations.

scholarly journals The role of Aegilops species in the origin and improvement of common wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Prażak
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Wheat Evolution ◽  
Additional Gene ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
Improved Cultivars

Some <em>Aegilops s</em>pecies participated in wheat evolution playing a major role in wheat domestication and therefore the genus <em>Aegilops </em>represents a big part of the additional gene pool determining important traits of wheat. Breeders have been using these genes for many years to produce improved cultivars. Wide crosses between its wild relatives are sources of desirable characteristics for genetic improvement of common wheat. <em>Triticum aestivum </em>evolution and methods for transfer of alien material into wheat, briefly reviewed in this article, include incorporation of the whole genomes, single chromosomes, small chromosomal segments, single genes and cytoplasm substitution in wheat.

scholarly journals The Role of Vegetable Genetic Resources in Nutrition Security and Vegetable Breeding

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas W. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Complex Inheritance

Malnutrition, comprising undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and overnutrition, is more widespread than hunger per se and affects most nations around the globe. The diversity and the quality of food produced and consumed are decisive factors when addressing the triple burden of malnutrition. In this context, fruit, vegetables, and nuts are increasingly moving into the focus of the nutrition community. Agricultural policies and investments in agriculture are predominantly focused on staple food production, neglecting the economic and nutritional potential of fruit and vegetables. While global vegetables are well represented in genebanks around the globe, this is much less the case for traditional vegetables. Collecting efforts in hotspots of vegetable diversity in Africa and Asia are required to conserve this germplasm before it is being replaced by modern varieties. Home gardens, community seedbanks, and variety introduction through vegetable seed kits are ways how genebanks can link with the farming community to strengthen the informal seed sector. This in turn may result in more diverse production systems and increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. In the formal seed sector, vegetable breeders need access to a wide diversity of genetic resources, predominantly farmers’ varieties, landraces, and crop wild relatives. Genomics-assisted breeding is increasingly facilitating the introgression of favorable genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with complex inheritance patterns from wild species into cultigens. This will lead to wider use of crop wild relatives in the development of resilient cultivars.

scholarly journals Ecological assembly processes of the bacterial and fungal microbiota of wild and domesticated wheat species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amine Hassani ◽  
Ezgi Özkurt ◽  
Sören Franzenburg ◽  
Eva H. Stukenbrock
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
Ecological Selection ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum ◽  
Fungal Microbiota ◽  
Anthropogenic Intervention

Plant domestication has led to substantial changes in the host physiology. How this anthropogenic intervention has contributed in altering the wheat microbiota is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of ecological selection, drift and dispersal in shaping the bacterial and fungal communities associated with domesticated wheat Triticum aestivum and two wild relatives, Triticum boeoticum and Triticum urartu. Our study shows that the bacterial and fungal microbiota of wild and domesticated wheat species follow distinct community assembly patterns. Further, we revealed a more prominent role of neutral processes in the assembly of the microbiota of domesticated wheat and propose that domestication has relaxed selective processes in the assembly of the wheat microbiota.

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