scholarly journals The role of Aegilops species in the origin and improvement of common wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Prażak
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Wheat Evolution ◽  
Additional Gene ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
Improved Cultivars

Some <em>Aegilops s</em>pecies participated in wheat evolution playing a major role in wheat domestication and therefore the genus <em>Aegilops </em>represents a big part of the additional gene pool determining important traits of wheat. Breeders have been using these genes for many years to produce improved cultivars. Wide crosses between its wild relatives are sources of desirable characteristics for genetic improvement of common wheat. <em>Triticum aestivum </em>evolution and methods for transfer of alien material into wheat, briefly reviewed in this article, include incorporation of the whole genomes, single chromosomes, small chromosomal segments, single genes and cytoplasm substitution in wheat.

scholarly journals Cancer, Retrogenes, and Evolution

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Klaudia Staszak ◽  
Izabela Makałowska
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Additional Gene ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

This review summarizes the knowledge about retrogenes in the context of cancer and evolution. The retroposition, in which the processed mRNA from parental genes undergoes reverse transcription and the resulting cDNA is integrated back into the genome, results in additional copies of existing genes. Despite the initial misconception, retroposition-derived copies can become functional, and due to their role in the molecular evolution of genomes, they have been named the “seeds of evolution”. It is convincing that retrogenes, as important elements involved in the evolution of species, also take part in the evolution of neoplastic tumors at the cell and species levels. The occurrence of specific “resistance mechanisms” to neoplastic transformation in some species has been noted. This phenomenon has been related to additional gene copies, including retrogenes. In addition, the role of retrogenes in the evolution of tumors has been described. Retrogene expression correlates with the occurrence of specific cancer subtypes, their stages, and their response to therapy. Phylogenetic insights into retrogenes show that most cancer-related retrocopies arose in the lineage of primates, and the number of identified cancer-related retrogenes demonstrates that these duplicates are quite important players in human carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals The role of forage management in addressing challenges facing Australasian dairy farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Lydia M. Cranston ◽  
Keith G. Pembleton ◽  
Lucy L. Burkitt ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Daniel J. Donaghy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Forage Management

Forage management underpins the viability of pastoral dairy systems. This review investigated recent developments in forage research and their potential to enable pastoral dairy systems to meet the challenges that will be faced over the next 10 years. Grazing management, complementary forages, pasture diversity, fertiliser use, chemical restriction, irrigation management and pasture breeding are considered. None of these areas of research are looking to increase production directly through increased inputs, but, rather, they aim to lift maximum potential production, defend against production decline or improve the efficiency of the resource base and inputs. Technology approaches consistently focus on improving efficiency, while genetic improvement or the use of complementary forages and species diversity aim to lift production. These approaches do not require additional labour to implement, but many will require an increase in skill level. Only a few areas will help address animal welfare (e.g. the use of selected complementary forages and novel endophytes) and only complementary forages will help address increased competition from non-dairy alternatives, by positively influencing the properties of milk. Overall, the diversity of activity and potential effects will provide managers of pastoral dairy systems with the best tools to respond to the production and environmental challenges they face over the next 10 years.

Role of biotechnology on animal breeding and genetic improvement

2022 ◽  
pp. 317-337
Author(s):  
D.N. Das ◽  
D. Paul ◽  
Sukanta Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Animal Breeding

Role of lncRNAs in wheat and its wild relatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Shumayla ◽  
Shivi Tyagi ◽  
Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives

Role of CYP4F2, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms on acenocoumarol pharmacogenomic algorithm accuracy improvement in the Greek population: need for sub-phenotype analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Ragia ◽  
Ioanna-Maria Karantza ◽  
Eleni Kelli-Kota ◽  
Vana Kolovou ◽  
Genovefa Kolovou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Accuracy Improvement ◽  
Additional Gene ◽  
Stable Dose ◽  
Dose Prediction ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Phenotype Analysis ◽  
Pooled Sample

AbstractBackground:We have earlier developed a pharmacogenomic algorithm for acenocoumarol dose prediction in Greek patients that includedMethods:A total of 205 Greek patients taking acenocoumarol (140 who reached and 65 who did not reach stable dose), participants of acenocoumarol EU-PACT trial, were included in the study.Results:In the pooled sample,Conclusions:gene shows a prominent weak association with acenocoumarol dose requirements. Sub-phenotype analysis is potentially important in determining additional gene polymorphisms that are associated with acenocoumarol dose requirements.

scholarly journals Line × Tester Analysis for Morphological and Fruit Biochemical Traits in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Using Wild Relatives as Testers

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Wild relatives of eggplant are commonly exploited for eggplant improvement, but the genetic improvement relies on the information of the genetic basis of inheritance of traits. In this study, two eggplant lines, one with oriental and another with occidental cytoplasm, were crossed with four testers representing three wild species, namely, Solanum insanum, S.anguivi, and S. lichtensteinii. The Line × Tester cross produced a total of eight interspecific hybrids. Parents and their hybrids were evaluated for 3 biochemical, 12 morphological, and 8 Tomato Analyzer-based descriptors. A significant amount of variation was noticed for all 23 traits studied. The higher values for the specific combining ability (SCA) component were determined as compared to the general combining ability (GCA) component. The testers were more significant for most of the traits than the cultivated varieties. Positive heterosis was determined for the 12 characteristics and negative heterosis for the 11 attributes. Overall, S.anguivi, and S. lichtensteinii were better for the biochemical traits’ improvement, whereas S. insanum was a better tester for the morphological traits.

scholarly journals Genome sequences of two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweetpotato reveal targets for genetic improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wu ◽  
Kin H. Lau ◽  
Qinghe Cao ◽  
John P. Hamilton ◽  
Honghe Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Genome Sequences

scholarly journals Genetic study of lymphoma induction by AKR mink cell focus-inducing virus in AKR x NFS crosses.

1981 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M W Cloyd ◽  
J W Hartley ◽  
W P Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Additional Gene ◽  
Mink Cell ◽  
Akr Mice ◽  
Ecotropic Virus

The mink cell focus-inducing (MCF)-247 virus, originally isolated from an AKR thymoma, is lymphomagenic in AKR mice but not in the ecotropic virus-negative NFS mouse strain. Analysis of sensitivity to lymphoma-induction by AKR-247 MCF virus in genetic hybrids between these two strains showed that F1 mice inoculated as sucklings were uniformly sensitive, whereas those inoculated as weanlings were generally resistant. In NFS backcross mice inoculated as sucklings, inheritance and expression of endogenous ecotropic virus from AKR was an essential correlate of replication of MCF virus and subsequent development of lymphoma. However, one-third of the mice expressing ecotropic virus and replicating the inoculated MCF virus did not develop lymphoma. The results suggested that an additional gene that influenced development of lymphoma may be involved, and that mice inheriting both virus-inducing loci from AKR were more susceptible than those inheriting only one. These findings indicate that the causal role of ecotropic virus infection in spontaneous thymomagenesis in AKR mice involves not only the generation of leukemogenic MCF viruses but also the establishment of permissiveness for their growth.

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