First Wave, Second Wave, Third Wave: Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Kristine Bauer ◽  
Lahleh Behjat ◽  
Jo-Anne Brown ◽  
Marina L. Gavrilova ◽  
Jocelyn L. Hayley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women In Science ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Second Wave

BUILDING A NETWORK TO SUPPORT GIRLS AND WOMEN IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Spears ◽  
Ruth A. Dyer ◽  
Suzanne E. Franks ◽  
Beth A. Montelone
Keyword(s):  
Women In Science ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics

Will We Ever Close the Gender Gap Among Top Mathematics Achievers? Analysis of Recent Trends by Race in Advanced Placement (AP) Exams

2021 ◽  
pp. 016235322110445
Author(s):  
A. Kadir Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Ap Calculus ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
And Mathematics

Analyzing the test scores of more than 10,000,000 students who participated in the Advanced Placement (AP) math exams from 1997 to 2019, this study examined the direction and magnitude of the trend in gender disparity by race in participation in and top achievement on AP Calculus AB, Calculus BC, and Statistics exams. The results of this study indicated that, in general, females’ representation in all three AP exams increased significantly. Although the findings indicated that the female-to-male ratios (FMRs) in participation in the AP math exams increased significantly from 1997 to 2019 and favored females for all races, the gender disparities among top achievers for all math exams are still substantial. The relationships between the FMRs in participation and top achievement for all AP math exams were also analyzed within races, and the possible impacts of these findings within the context of the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields were also discussed.

Women in science: the need for a global cultural change

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Karen Hallberg
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Cultural Maturity ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper summarizes the talk given at this conference in which the cultural aspect of the low participation of women in science, mainly in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) areas, is emphazised. A few personal recollections will be presented and some some striking numbers to illustrate the current situation will be given. In addition, some thought provoking ideas on what is known as “neurosexism” are explicited and a tribute is made to three women that overcame the challenges posed to them in different times in history (including current times) and helped paved the way to the new generation. However, there is still a long way to go. The inclusion of women and of other relegated sectors of society in scientific and technological activities is an important pending issue which will be achieved when our society as a whole reaches the necessary cultural maturity.

The Retention of Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: A Framework for Persistence

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffry L. White ◽  
G.H. Massiha
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Many

<p>Women make up 47% of the total U.S. workforce, but are less represented in engineering, computer sciences, and the physical sciences. In addition, race and ethnicity are salient factors and minority women comprise fewer than 1 in 10 scientist or engineer. In this paper, a review of the literature is under taken that explores the many challenges women encounter when pursing a career in the sciences. It includes a review of the national landscape and discussion of the guiding general retention theories. Finally it proposes a conceptual framework for persistence and proffers a number of research questions designed to delve deeper into the under representation phenomenon.</p>

scholarly journals Barriers and Assistance for Female Leaders in Academic STEM in the US

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Academic Leadership ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Mathematics

Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are under-represented, and women are also less likely than men to be in leadership positions generally. Little is known about the intersection of these areas: women in leadership in STEM. To determine what sort of barriers and assistance female STEM leaders have encountered, a survey was developed asking women who are in academic leadership positions in STEM about their experiences. The main barriers were similar in the STEM area and in leadership: balancing work/home life, devaluing of achievements, and imposter syndrome. The main two types of assistance in both STEM and leadership were support from spouse/partner, and encouragement from peers. The main barriers women encounter are cultural and will take time to overcome. The main assistance women have had comes from people, not training or institutional structures.

scholarly journals Arab Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Fields: The Way Forward

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira I. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Arab State ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics

In most countries of the world, 40 to 50 % of students are women. However, there is greater sex imbalance in STEMfields. Indicators show that tertiary education in Arab region is high compared with gender balance in severalcountries; there is even imbalance in favor of women as in Saudi Arabia & Gulf States.UNESCO and World Bank statistics reveal that Arab women actively pursuing STEM fields e.g. in 2014, womencomprises 59% of total students enrolled in computer Science in Saudi Arabia while UK and USA women enrolmentwere 16% and 14% respectively.Graduate women attempt to pursue career or postgraduate degrees are often excluded on bases of their gender andmarginalized therefore much less apt to enter and remain in the job, few achieve leadership positions.In principle, there are equal opportunities for both genders in many Arab States, but social perception and prejudicedetermine which types of employment are particularly suitable for women or men. Removing the barriers wouldfoster major social and economic benefits for every Arab State.

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