The Intergenerational Mobility of Income: A Study Applied to the Spanish Case (2005–2011)

Intergenerational income mobility has attracted the interest of many economists for—among other reasons—its role as a mechanism for reducing inequalities and achieving equal opportunities. In this paper, we analyse the intergenerational mobility of income in Spain in the years 2005 and 2011, located at different phases of the economic cycle. We use proxy variables (the economic situation of the household during the adolescence of the informant and the educational level achieved by parents) to study intergenerational income mobility, because there are not extant surveys with income information from parents and their descendants when they are part of a different household. With these variables, we try to verify the existence and degree of mobility by analysing different methodologies. The results suggest the existence of mobility in the two studied years, although a trend towards a reduction in intergenerational mobility is confirmed, already detected by other authors.

Video Games and Accessibility

This essay aims, through a hermeneutic-argumentative approach, to present some ideas for inclusive teaching, starting with an educational re-evaluation of video games, for years considered a mere form of entertainment. Their use as educational mediators is a useful response to the needs of a school that is increasingly aware of the educational needs of all pupils. Through the recovery of the recreational dimension and the Accessibility paradigm, it is possible to offer teachers guidance and design insights in order to create educational itineraries of inclusion, finding in video games a possible tool capable of engaging the class in common activities, on the basis of equal opportunities and active participation, additionally for the development of digital skills.

Who Will Take Care of Me?

Foreseeing the needs and availability of anaesthesiologists across Europe is a challenging task. This is influenced by different factors that include the composition of the workforce and the organization and structure of health services in every country. Some trends call for attention, such as changes in work patterns brought about by an ageing specialist population, the increasing numbers of women in anaesthesia, or cultural and societal shifts towards work-life balance. Anaesthesiology is a challenging specialty with an expanding scope of practice, requiring highly motivated professionals, frequent long work hours, and addressing stressful situations often. To ensure quality anaesthesia provision, the wellbeing of this diverse population of anaesthesiologists should be addressed. Achieving rational and flexible work hours, adequate compensation, and promotion of a workplace culture that fosters safety, motivation to learn, and equal opportunities for leadership or academia positions are challenges to be addressed to make sure that excellence in patient care is maintained.

Exploring Project-Based Teaching for Engaging Students' Mathematical Learning

The declining interest of learners in mathematics in the learning process has resulted in poor achievement (Yeh et al., 2019). To get rid of these poor achievements, we explored project-based teaching in four topical areas (e.g., mathematical concepts of coordinate geometry, trigonometry, sequence, and series) in the school mathematics. This paper results from observing changes in engagement of learners in learning mathematics by motivating them through the project-based learning (PBL) guided by two theories – knowledge constitutive interests (Habermas, 1972), and collaborative and cooperative learning under the paradigms of interpretivism and criticalism. In this ethos, PBL is an “engaging and learner-directed approach that provides equal opportunities for students to explore their knowledge and understanding” (Thomas, 2000, p. 12). More specifically, we adopted the 'action research' method with the secondary level students (Grade IX) of one of the institutional schools in their classrooms. The information was collected by observing and recording the changes seen in consecutive seventeen days. The research landed that project-based learning is an appropriate pedagogy for engaged learning. The study revealed that the students were motivated while they got opportunities to interact in the projects. Moreover, the findings show that PBL is helpful to engage the learners through questioning, pair/group discussion, discovery learning, and concept mapping.

Design, Development and Evaluation of Haptic and Olfactory based Application for Visually Impaired Learners

Educational entertainment or edutainment is a popular approach to allow learners experience a fun learning environment while acquiring knowledge. Currently, this approach is widely used and has promising benefits, whereby not only it provides a fun learning environment but also cause learners to hardly notice the learning process. However, as there are a minimum of 2.2 billion people worldwide with vision impairment or blindness, this approach can be a challenging experience for them. It is thus important to provide equal opportunities for these members of the community in the teaching and learning environment. Owing to the limited applications available for the visually impaired in virtual edutainment tailored for them, this research aims to design and develop an edutainment application for visually impaired users using a user-centered design. The application allows users to touch 3D objects using Touch by 3DSystems. In addition, sounds and smells will be released from the speaker and olfactory devices, respectively. The usability and satisfaction of users toward this application was tested on the visually impaired as well as blindfolded users using a 7-point Likert scale questionnaire. This questionnaire was constructed in accordance with USE (Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of use) by Lund. A total of 10 participants – including visually impaired teachers and blindfolded students – participated in this study. Participants in this study agreed that the proposed application is useful, easy to use, easy to learn, and were satisfied with the application. The average rating of the results out of 7 was 5.92 for usefulness, 5.6 for ease of use, 6.22 for ease of learning, and 6.25 for satisfaction.

IMPLEMENTATION OF DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/1158 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL OF 20 JUNE 2019 ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE OF PARENTS AND CARERS, REPEALING COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2010/18/EU ‒ POLISH IMPLEMENTATION

The purpose of this article is to analyse the possible effects of the implementation by the Polish legislator of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2019/1158 of 20 June 2019 on work-life balance of parents and carers, repealing Council Directive 2010/18 / EU. In accordance with the provisions of the recitals of the Directive, its aim is to improve the functioning of States in the field of equal opportunities on the labour market and the treatment of women and men at work because of their family and carer responsibilities. The Directive responds to the needs related to demographic changes also affecting Poland, the necessity to deepen the functioning of the principle of gender equality resulting from legal acts adopted for the community, the needs related to the professional activation of women and the fight against exclusion caused by guardianship of minors. The Directive addresses issues that are to be understood as social norms and these are mainly issues related to the concern for the sustainable development of all children and for guaranteeing stable conditions to parents and carers whose work also helps support their children.

Social justice driving open access publishing: an African perspective

The OA movement isgenerally considered to have been founded for the truly philanthropic purposeof promoting equity and inclusivity in access to scholarship. For Africans,this meant the opening of the research ecosystem to marginalised researchcommunities who could then freely make use of shared research to aid in thesocio-economic development and emancipation of the continent. However, this philanthropicpurpose has been deviated from, leading instead to the disenfranchisement ofthe African research community. Through systemic inequalities embedded in thescholarly ecosystem, the publishing landscape has been northernised, withresearch from the global north sitting at the very top of the knowledgehierarchy to the exclusion of Africa and other parts of the global south. Forthis reason, progressive open access practices and policies need to be adopted,with an emphasis on social justice as an impetus, to enhance the sharing andrecognition of African scholarship, while also bridging the ‘research-exchange’divide that exists between the global south and north. Furthermore, advocatesof open access must collaborate to create equal opportunities for Africanvoices to participate in the scholarly landscape through the creation anddissemination of global south research. Thusly, the continental platform wasdeveloped by University of Cape Town. This platform was developed around theconcept of a tenant model to act as a contributor to social justice driven openaccess advocacy, and as a disruptor of the unjust knowledge hierarchies thatexist. 

State of the Reform of Legal Capacity in Chile

The Chilean legal regulation of disability has advanced towards an adequate legal framework for the progressive development of state practices respectful of the rights of people with disabilities. The ratification of the CRPD (2008) has been followed by an increasing amount of legislation directed to the inclusion of people with disabilities. The most important of this new disability regulation is the Law 20422 [on equal opportunities and social inclusion of people with disability]. Chile, in this way, can be regarded as a slow but persistent student of the teachings of the CRPD. Despite these positive developments, certain obligations under the CRPD are still pending, especially clear in the legal regulation affecting mental disability. The controversies surrounding legal capacity and mental health law are probably the most important issues surrounding the hesitation to carry out a reform.

THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER EQUALITY INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION

The article is devoted to theformation of development and legalregulation of the principle of genderequality in international law, whichis referred to the level of values of theEuropean Union (EU), and also playsan important role for Ukraine due tothe context of European integration.Today, the attitude towards women insociety is significantly different fromthe attitude towards men and thisapplies to different spheres of life:social, political, legal. Thus, politicalgender inequality includes less representation of women in electedpositions and lower representationin political and corporate circles.Gender equality means the existenceof a society in which both women andmen have equal opportunities, rightsand responsibilities in all spheres oflife. Equality between women andmen is equal access to education andhealth care, governance and power forboth sexes, their equal opportunitiesfor financial independence, and therealization of their personal andprofessional needs and interests.One of the most significantdevelopments in international law inthe middle of the twentieth centurywas the consolidation of the principleof non-discrimination and the furtherdevelopment of international andregional legal standards aimed atimproving and protecting the rightsof all women and girls. At the sametime, the protection of women andgirls, as well as men and boys, is firstand foremost the responsibility of thestate. International law establishesthe obligation of states to protecttheir own citizens, including againstgender discrimination. Currently,gender equality is gaining priorityin the activities of internationalorganizations.At the present stage of developmentof society, the issues of genderequalities are not the last place interms of relevance. Gender inequalityslows down the development ofsociety. That is why the achievementof gender equality is now becoming acentral indicator of the developmentof each country

Equal Opportunities to Access the University in Chile? An Application with a Spatial Heckman Probit Model

This study contributes to the debate on accessibility of higher education in Chile, focusing on both socioeconomic and geospatial dimensions of access to university study. The central question we address in this paper is the following: Does geography (physical distance and neighborhood effects) play a significant role in determining accessibility of higher education in Chile? We use Heckman probit-type (Heckit) models to adjust for selection in the process of completing the trajectory towards higher education – that is, pre-selection, application to study at university, and ultimately admission (or denial) to a higher education institution. The results shows that the geospatial elements have a significant local effect on the student’s application and access to Chilean universities.