An Efficient Communication Protocol for Energy-Constraint IoT Devices for Environment Monitoring Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
Nabajyoti Mazumdar ◽  
Debasish Chouhan ◽  
Dipankar ch Barman ◽  
Bhargav Bordoloi ◽  
Debakanta Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Energy Constraint ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Iot Devices

Design and Application of the Indoor Environment Monitoring & Control System at Tianjin First Central Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 635-638
Author(s):  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Central Hospital

With advance of our human beings science and technology and enhance of the living standards, more and more people have addressed higher requirements on the environmental conditions in a hospital, therefore, the traditional and no-intelligent monitoring devices are being replaced by the automated and networked monitoring systems gradually. In this case, application of the wireless sensor network just fits this need. This paper proposes the Tianjin First Central Hospital indoor environment monitoring & control system of distributed acquisition and execution, and centralized management by focusing on the needs for the technical indicators of the hospital indoor environment. During design of the system, an universal design concept was put forward, and also a non-standard communication protocol for the wireless sensor network designed independently in combination with the OSI open standard. In this paper, realization of the communication protocol among the nodes with embedded software and the operation mechanism of the modes themselves are discussed, also a console panel has been developed for the data center. Several software design algorithms are proposed with respect to the network layout. This paper also describes the test platform of the Tianjin First Central Hospital indoor environment monitoring & control system established with the network components designed, and provides the test and verification results, including the monitored data of the various gases, corresponding automatic control functions, and underlay BER analysis. The results show that this system can basically realize automatic monitoring on the Tianjin First Central Hospital indoor environment. At present, the sensitive gases include CO, CO2, O2, NH3 and formaldehyde, sensitive environments temperature, humidity and light intensity, and controlled targets ventilation and lighting. This paper offers an optional solution for environment monitoring and has certain theoretical value and engineering significance.

scholarly journals New Techniques for Sizing Solar Photovoltaic Panels for Environment Monitoring Sensor Nodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maximus Byamukama ◽  
Geofrey Bakkabulindi ◽  
Roseline Akol ◽  
Julianne Sansa-Otim
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Panel Size ◽  
Error Factor ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Battery State Of Charge

The development of perpetually powered sensor networks for environment monitoring to avoid periodic battery replacement and to ensure the network never goes offline due to power is one of the primary goals in sensor network design. In many environment-monitoring applications, the sensor network is internet-connected, making the energy budget high because data must be transmitted regularly to a server through an uplink device. Determining the optimal solar panel size that will deliver sufficient energy to the sensor network in a given period is therefore of primary importance. The traditional technique of sizing solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is based on balancing the solar panel power rating and expected hours of radiation in a given area with the load wattage and hours of use. However, factors like the azimuth and tilt angles of alignment, operating temperature, dust accumulation, intermittent sunshine and seasonal effects influencing the duration of maximum radiation in a day all reduce the expected power output and cause this technique to greatly underestimate the required solar panel size. The majority of these factors are outside the scope of human control and must be therefore be budgeted for using an error factor. Determining of the magnitude of the error factor to use is crucial to prevent not only undersizing the panel, but also to prevent oversizing which will increase the cost of operationalizing the sensor network. But modeling error factors when there are many parameters to consider is not trivial. Equally importantly, the concept of microclimate may cause any two nodes of similar specifications to have very different power performance when located in the same climatological zone. There is then a need to change the solar panel sizing philosophy for these systems. This paper proposed the use of actual observed solar radiation and battery state of charge data in a realistic WSN-based automatic weather station in an outdoor uncontrolled environment. We then develop two mathematical models that can be used to determine the required minimum solar PV wattage that will ensure that the battery stays above a given threshold given the weather patterns of the area. The predicted and observed battery state of charge values have correlations of 0.844 and 0.935 and exhibit Root Mean Square Errors of 9.2% and 1.7% for the discrete calculus model and the transfer function estimation (TFE) model respectively. The results show that the models perform very well in state of charge prediction and subsequent determination of ideal solar panel rating for sensor networks used in environment monitoring applications.

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