Survival Strategies in Cold-adapted Microorganisms

2022 ◽  
Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Flaviana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Francesca Crisafi ◽  
Violetta La Cono ◽  
Michail M. Yakimov ◽  
Antonio Molinaro ◽  
...  

Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membrane fluidity even at particularly low temperatures. In particular, the LPS’ glycolipid moiety, the lipid A, typically undergoes several structural modifications comprising desaturation of the acyl chains, reduction in their length and increase in their branching. The investigation of the structure of the lipid A from cold-adapted bacteria is, therefore, crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the cold adaptation phenomenon. Here we describe the structural elucidation of the highly heterogenous lipid A from three psychrophiles isolated from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. All the lipid A structures have been determined by merging data that was attained from the compositional analysis with information from a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS2 investigation. As lipid A is also involved in a structure-dependent elicitation of innate immune response in mammals, the structural characterization of lipid A from such extremophile bacteria is also of great interest from the perspective of drug synthesis and development inspired by natural sources.


Author(s):  
Hemant Dasila ◽  
Damini Maithani ◽  
Deep Chandra Suyal ◽  
Prasenjit Debbarma

Author(s):  
Deepika Goyal ◽  
Shiv Swaroop ◽  
Om Prakash ◽  
Janmejay Pandey

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
MIRIAM E. TUCKER
Keyword(s):  

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Murphy ◽  
Karen Rosica
Keyword(s):  

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayram Unal

This study deals with survival strategies of illegal migrants in Turkey. It aims to provide an explanation for the efforts to keep illegality sustainable for one specific ethnic/national group—that is, the Gagauz of Moldova, who are of Turkish ethnic origin. In order to explicate the advantages of Turkish ethnic origin, I will focus on their preferential treatment at state-law level and in terms of the implementation of the law by police officers. In a remarkable way, the juridical framework has introduced legal ways of dealing with the illegality of ethnically Turkish migrants. From the viewpoint of migration, the presence of strategic tools of illegality forces us to ask not so much law-related questions, but to turn to a sociological inquiry of how and why they overstay their visas. Therefore, this study concludes that it is the social processes behind their illegality, rather than its form, that is more important for our understanding of the migrants’ survival strategies in destination countries.


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