Development and Validation of the Ethnic Moral Disengagement Scale

Research has underlined that moral disengagement processes, by which people switch off their moral values and act aggressively without experiencing guilt, are highly connected with contextual factors. However, research on situational variations in moral disengagement is limited, especially considering the associations with characteristics such as the ethnic origin of potential victims. The general aim of the present study was to develop a brief, specific measure of ethnic moral disengagement able to catch individual justification used in the case of ethnic bullying and cyberbullying, and test its validity and reliability. An eight items scale was developed and administered in study 1, in a sample of 961students attending several Italian high schools (53.5% female; Mage 15 years). Considering the results of the CFA, we modified one of the items and the scale was administered again, in a second sample of 1,229 students (49.9% female; Mage 15.62 years) in study 2. A one-factor model of ethnic moral disengagement fit the data well and internal consistency showed to be good. As an additional step, we found that the model was invariant across Italian adolescents and youths with a different ethnic or culture of origin (having at least one parent born abroad) strengthened our confidence regarding the factorial integrity of the scale. Last, the scale showed to be positively associated with ethnic bullying and cyberbullying. Generally, findings suggested that the Ethnic Moral Disengagement scale can be a useful tool for those interested in measuring moral disengagement and evaluating how it impacts bullying and cyberbullying of minority groups.

THE RIGHT EDUCATION IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD

The article is devoted to ensuring the best interest of the child and his right to education. Attention is paid to the problems associated with the implementation of this right by various groups of children, depending on their social status and ethnic origin. The author draws attention to the implementation of the law under study in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exacerbated the problems of gender inequality, the quality of educational services, as well as access to them. The need for certain actions on the part of the state is indicated, in particular, making changes to the curricula to bring them in line with the recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in order to realize the right to education of the child from the standpoint of ensuring the best interest.

Internal Migration, Ethnicity, and Acculturation Strategies in Peru 2020

The objective of this study was to explore the acculturation strategies present in the ethnic groups in the internal migration process in Peru, from the self-perception of social well-being and psychological acculturation, as conflict prevention factors. The study methodology was non-experimental and cross-sectional, comprising a non-probabilistic sample of 214 migrants of Quechua ethnic origin residing in Lima and Callao. The results indicated that just over half of the participants perceive themselves as integrated or assimilated to the host society. The results of the research show the prevalence of acculturation strategies linked to social welfare, where internal immigrants of Quechua origin and language seek integration into the environment that enables the performance of roles in the public and private spheres that facilitate adaptation processes and minimization of conflicts.

Asian Retailers in Glasgow: A Glimpse of Commercial and Property Relations in the Early Eighties

As noted in the paper published in the last issue of this journal, shopkeeping and retail have been one of the important ways of entry into the host economy in the case of some prewar migrating communities such as the Jews and the Italians and the post-war migrants such as the Asians (mostly Panjabis from India and Pakistan) to Glasgow in Scotland. We explore how the two major sets of theories the ethnic customer niche and middlemen minority theory apply to this group and explore the unchartered area of the nature of ‘property relations’ of retailers, i.e.in terms of the acquired commercial and housing property. Specifically, we explore the similarities and differences between the commercial and residential markets and their relationship and possible interdependence for entrepreneurial and asset building and the phenomenon of segregated property markets. We begin by exploring the background of retailers and their possible influence on entry into the business. We also compare some key aspects of Glasgow’s retail economy with other Asian retail localized economies using the studies of the period for comparative perspective purposes. The paper adds to the very sparse literature on asset ownership or on ethnic commercial property markets and explores if the high ownership of housing and the presence of ethnic origin national banks helped with both ethnic enterprise and asset creation. It also explores the extent to which the ‘ethnic niche’ model and the ‘middle minorities’ model applies to the Asians in Glasgow in addition to the hypothesis if the agricultural background which requires some sense of business and related skills, and the notion of success and the status of property may be the crucial cultural and experiential drivers of asset acquisition and enterprise.

A document in the context of the studying national minorities conditions in the ukrainian state (april – december 1918)

The purpose of the article is based on the documents, the main trends in the policy of Hetman P.Skoropadsky and his government towards national minorities have been analyzed. Methodology. In termsof preparing the research, methods of analysis, comparison, analogy, generalization, structuring were used.As well as methods of Document Science, Archival Science. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that forthe first time analysis was made on the basis of a documentary array of the main policy trends in relation tonational minorities of the Hetmanate; the reasons for the repeal of the Law on National-Personal Autonomyand the abolition of national ministries in Russian, Jewish and Polish affairs were clarified. In all the studieddocuments (Missive Letter to All Ukrainian People, Law on Elections of Provincial and County ZemstvoCouncillors, Order on Internal Relations in the Ukrainian Army), the emphasis was made on the loyalty ofcitizens to the Ukrainian State, not on their ethnic origin, and on the tolerant attitude of the state towardsboth the national and religious feelings of citizens. Admission to higher educational establishments was alsodemocratic in the Ukrainian state. Based not on ethnic but on territorial-state principles, the Hetmanatedid not see the point in the existence of national ministries established by the Ukrainian Central Rada, butthere was its general understanding of the national minorities’ needs and, thus, it often responded to theirrequests. Considerable attention has been paid to the coverage of cultural and educational activities ofnational minorities. Conclusions. Having analyzed the national policy of the Hetmanateon on the basis ofthe documents, we found out that despite some uncertainty it was moderate and did not lead to interethnicconflicts. By repealing the Law on National Personal Autonomy and National Ministries in Great Russian,Jewish, and Polish Affairs, Hetman P. Skoropadsky, and his government were guided by the territorial-stateprinciple, according to which all citizens of the state were equal, regardless of their nationality and religion.Meanwhile, there was some sufficient support, including financial one, for the national and cultural revival ofnational minorities.Keywords: document, national minorities, national and personal autonomy, Hetmanate, rights, interethnicrelations, cultural and educational policy.

Wdowy, polityczki, feministki i ja. Esej o antropologii na rogu ulicy

In the article, I tell the stories of a few female research partners of mine, who accompanied me during ethnographic fieldwork on forced displacement at the UNESCO World Heritage site in Hampi, India. These women differed in every respect: their ethnic origin and caste, religious affiliation, age, marriage status, social position, level of education, and person- ality. What they had in common was their agency in challenging social expectations and an extraordinary capability to be resilient. I scrutinize my close, albeit not always easy relationships with them, the process of rapport-building in the field, the power relations inscribed in ethnographic research and my own changing positionality vis-a-vis women from my street in Hampi.

1638 Cossacks Register as Historical Source

The article gives the analysis of the register of cossacks in 1638 as one of the Ukrainian historical sources which contain data about the structure and special ethnic origin of the Zaporozhian Host before the beginning Liberation war in the middle of the 17th century. Attention is focused on the fundamentals of register formation based on the territorial principle which was initiated by the Kurukovo Agreement. The reasons for the absence of key positions such as a quartermaster (obozny), a judge (suddia) and a chancellor (pysar) in the registered army are being clarified. Information about the amount of payment for the service of Cossack officer is also valuable. The continuity of Cossack family traditions was traced, in particular through participation in the resistance to Turkish aggression and armed uprisings.

Health related quality of life of the geriatric population living in rural areas of West Tripura district of India: a cross-sectional study

Growing life expectancy is challenging the quality of health care for elderly. Information regarding health related quality of life (QOL) may help policy makers to design need based health programs for this population. The objectives of this study were to estimate health related QOL of the geriatric population living in rural areas of West Tripura district and to compare it between ethnic and non-ethnic populations in respect to important domains. This community based cross-sectional study was conducted during 1st February 2019 to 31st March 2020 among 225 geriatric subjects of rural West Tripura district chosen by multistage sampling. World Health Organization’s QOL-BREF scale was used for data collection. Among the study population 46.2% had overall good health related QOL. About 52.9% had good QOL in environment and 37.3% had good QOL in social relationship domains. Marginally higher proportion of the subjects from ethnic origin had better QOL than the non-ethnic but it was not significant. Higher proportion of the Muslim subjects had better QOL than the rest, but it was also not significant. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations of QOL with age, sex, literacy, financial condition, socioeconomic status and type of family. Multivariate analysis identified male sex, younger age and living with spouse as significant predictors of good QOL. Overall health related QOL of the geriatric people living in rural areas of West Tripura district is poor but younger male subjects, of ethnic origin and living with spouse may enjoy relatively better QOL.

What Can We Learn from the Parents of Children Affected with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type III-A in Israel?

Sanfilippo Syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III), is a group of autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disorders leading to tissue accumulation of heparan sulfate. MPS III is caused by deficiency in one of 4 enzymes involved in lysosomal degradation of heparan sulfate. Based on the relevant enzyme deficiency, 4 types have been recognized. MPS III constitutes a progressive neurodegenerative and systemic disorder. Parents of children diagnosed with MPS III were interviewed using a retrospective questionnaire based on the known clinical manifestations of MPS III. Eight patients from 4 unrelated families of varied ethnic origin were included. All children were diagnosed with MPS type III-A. Average age at diagnosis was 6.1 years. The most common early clinical manifestations leading to parental suspicion of illness were speech delay and coarse facial features. All children were reported to have global developmental delay, sleep disorders, recurrent infections, hyperactivity, and decreased hearing. The time from first medical inquiry until diagnosis was over 2 years on average, consistent with the delay in diagnosis described in the literature. MPS III children frequently undergo early and repeated ear, nose and throat surgeries, thus we suggest that a high index of suspicion is warranted in relevant clinical circumstances.

Determinants of consumers' motivation towards ethnic food: evidence from Indonesia

PurposeThe research objective is to explore consumers' (those of ethnic origin and non-ethnic origin) motivation for choosing ethnic food.Design/methodology/approachA total of 120 respondents were approached at Padang restaurants in Jakarta, and personal interviews were conducted using soft laddering techniques linking to means-end chain (MEC) analysis. The associations among attributes, consequences and values were mapped into a graphical hierarchy to depict the cognitive structure of consuming ethnic food.FindingsThe unique and spicy taste of Padang food, as well as preferences for the cuisine, was identified as the determinants of consumption of Padang food. In addition, the Minang people still considered the food's origin and tradition when consuming it. “Financial security” and “happiness” were identified as the desired values that consumers want to achieve.Research limitations/implicationsThe extent to which acculturation affects consumers' decision-making on consuming ethnic food has not been significantly investigated.Practical implicationsPadang food can be promoted by highlighting its traditions and unique, spicy taste. These are key messages to attract consumers of Padang ethnic food.Originality/valueThe paper presents an original motivations and cognitive structures for eating Padang food.