Prediction of Air Pollution Due to Mobile Sources Using Line Source Models

Transportation sources are a major contributor to air pollution in urban areas. The role of air quality modeling is vital in the formulation of air pollution control and management strategies. Many models have appeared in the literature to estimate near-field ground level concentrations from mobile sources moving on a highway. However, current models do not account explicitly for the effect of wind shear (magnitude) near the ground while computing the ground level concentrations near highways from mobile sources. This study presents an analytical model based on the solution of the convective-diffusion equation by incorporating the wind shear near the ground for gaseous pollutants. The model input includes emission rate, wind speed, wind direction, turbulence, and terrain features. The dispersion coefficients are based on the near field parameterization. The sensitivity of the model to compute ground level concentrations for different inputs is presented for three different downwind distances. In general, the model shows Type III sensitivity (i.e., the errors in the input will show a corresponding change in the computed ground level concentrations) for most of the input variables. However, the model equations should be re-examined for three input variables (wind velocity at the reference height and two variables related to the vertical spread of the plume) to make sure that that the model is valid for computing ground level concentrations.

Download Full-text

Canada’s Mobile Sources Air Pollution Control Program

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association ◽

10.1080/00022470.1979.10470828 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 592-593

Author(s):

Allen C. Gullon

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Mobile Sources

Download Full-text

Comparative study of line source models for estimating lead levels due to vehicular traffic in Delhi

Environmental Software ◽

10.1016/0266-9838(95)00018-6 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 289-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Goyal ◽

M.P. Singh ◽

T.K. Bandopadhyay ◽

T.V.B.P.S.Rama Krishna

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Line Source ◽

Vehicular Traffic ◽

Source Models ◽

Lead Levels

Download Full-text

Real-Time Characterization of Finite Rupture and Its Implication for Earthquake Early Warning: Application of FinDer to Existing and Planned Stations in Southwest China

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2021.699560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jiawei Li ◽

Maren Böse ◽

Yu Feng ◽

Chen Yang

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Early Warning ◽

Line Source ◽

Average Distance ◽

Strong Motion ◽

Earthquake Early Warning ◽

Time Data ◽

Yunnan Region ◽

Motion Time ◽

Source Models

Earthquake early warning (EEW) not only improves resilience against the risk of earthquake disasters, but also provides new insights into seismological processes. The Finite-Fault Rupture Detector (FinDer) is an efficient algorithm to retrieve line-source models of an ongoing earthquake from seismic real-time data. In this study, we test the performance of FinDer in the Sichuan-Yunnan region (98.5oE–106.0oE, 22.0oN–34.0oN) of China for two datasets: the first consists of seismic broadband and strong-motion records of 58 earthquakes with 5.0 ≤ MS ≤ 8.0; the second comprises additional waveform simulations at sites where new stations will be deployed in the near future. We utilize observed waveforms to optimize the simulation approach to generate ground-motion time series. For both datasets the resulting FinDer line-source models agree well with the reported epicenters, focal mechanisms, and finite-source models, while they are computed faster compared to what traditional methods can achieve. Based on these outputs, we determine a theoretical relation that can predict for which magnitudes and station densities FinDer is expected to trigger, assuming that at least three neighboring stations must have recorded accelerations of 4.6 cm/s2 or more. We find that FinDer likely triggers and sends out a report, if the average distance between the epicenter and the three closest stations, Depi, is equal or smaller than log10 (Ma + b) + c, where a = 1.91, b = 5.93, and c = 2.34 for M = MW ≥ 4.8, and c = 2.49 for M = MS ≥ 5.0, respectively. If the data used in this study had been available in real-time, 40–70% of sites experiencing seismic intensities of V-VIII (on both Chinese and MMI scales) and 20% experiencing IX-X could have been issued a warning 5–10 s before the S-wave arrives. Our offline tests provide a useful reference for the planned installation of FinDer in the nationwide EEW system of Chinese mainland.

Download Full-text

Air pollution and health of children in Ukraine

Ukrainian journal of Perinatology and Pediatrics ◽

10.15574/pp.2020.83.31 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Yu.H. Antypkin ◽

◽

O.P. Volosovets ◽

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Mobile Sources ◽

Toxic Emissions ◽

All Diseases

Atmospheric air pollution is one of the main factors, which negatively affects the health of children in Ukraine. It can exacerbate chronic diseases and decrease the quality of life of children and their families. The aim to determine the correlation ranking between the incidence and prevalence of diseases among children in Ukraine in 2015 and the volume of pollutant emissions from stationary and mobile sources of pollution per person depending on the area of residence. Materials and methods. During the analysis, data from the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2015 were used. Methods of system approach, epidemiological, correlation and cluster analysis are applied. Results. In our study we have discovered that the volume of pollutant emissions from stationary and mobile sources into the atmosphere per 1 person had a direct impact on the incidence of all diseases of children in Ukraine, especially children aged 0–6 years (p<0.01). The closest direct correlation was observed between pollutant emissions and prevalence of respiratory diseases among children, especially in children aged 0–6 years and 15–17 years and with the prevalence of bronchial asthma and diabetes in all age groups. The correlation between children morbidity level of tuberculosis, some infectious and parasitic diseases, congenital anomalies, circulatory and digestive diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, ear and mammary gland and the volume of air toxic emissions haven't reached any important statistical significance. Correlation between the mortality rates of children under one year and the incidence of all diseases, including respiratory diseases, some infectious diseases, acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia and influenza, cerebral palsy and air toxic emissions also haven't reached statistical significance. Conclusions. Morbidity and prevalence of all children's diseases was chained in different manner with the amount of pollutant air emissions. This fact indicates that the increase in morbidity is associated not only with socio-economic and medical and genetic factors, but also with environmental influence. This situation requires brings a necessity of establishment the issue of environmental safety of the population of Ukraine, especially children. No conflict of interest were declared by the authors. Key words: children, morbidity, prevalence, mortality, air pollution.

Download Full-text

Development and application of a street-level meteorology and pollutant tracking system (S-TRACK)

10.5194/acp-2021-725 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huan Zhang ◽

Sunling Gong ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Jianjun He ◽

Yaqiang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Line Source ◽

Living Environment ◽

Windward Side ◽

Leeward Side ◽

Street Level ◽

Building Layout ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Traffic Source

Abstract. A multi-model simulation system for street level circulation and pollutant tracking (S-TRACK) has been developed by integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Flexible Particle (FLEXPART) models. The winter wind environmental characteristics and the potential impact of a traffic source on nearby sites (about 300 to 400 m) in Jinshui district of Zhengzhou, China are analyzed with the system. It is found that the existence of buildings complicates the structure of the wind fields. The wind speed inside the building block is smaller than the background wind speed due to the dragging effect of dense buildings. Ventilation is better when the dominant airflow is in the same direction as the building layout. Influenced by the building layout, local circulations show that the windward side of the building is mostly the divergence zone and the leeward side is mostly the convergence zone, which is more obvious for high buildings and influencing air pollution transport at the street-level. Using the traffic source (line source) on a road within a city block, the system was applied to investigate the potential impact of a line source on specific sites under the influence of the streel-level circulations. The potential contribution ratio was estimated by the method of residence time analysis and to a particular site found to vary with the height of the site with a peak not at the ground but on a certain height. The results of the study are helpful to understand the characteristics of wind environment and effect of traffic emissions in the area, which is important to improve urban living environment and control air pollution.

Download Full-text