Sexual differentiation, gonad development, and spawning seasonality of the Hawaiian butterflyfish,Chaetodon multicinctus

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Tricas ◽  
Joy T. Hiramoto
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Chaetodon Multicinctus

scholarly journals Nuclear androgen receptor regulates testes organization and oocyte maturation in zebrafish

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camerron M. Crowder ◽  
Christopher S. Lassiter ◽  
Daniel A. Gorelick
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Sexual Characteristics

ABSTRACTAndrogens act through the nuclear androgen receptor (AR) to regulate gonad differentiation and development. In mice, AR is required for spermatogenesis, testis development and formation of external genitalia in males and oocyte maturation in females. However, the extent to which these phenotypes are conserved in nonmammalian vertebrates is not well understood, because mutations in AR have not been generated in any other species. Here, we generate zebrafish with a mutation in the ar gene and examine the role of AR on sexual differentiation and gonad development. We find that zebrafish AR is not required for male sexual differentiation, since a portion of ar mutants develop a testis. However, we show that in zebrafish, as in mice, AR is required for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and for proper organization of the testis in males and for oocyte maturation in females. Additionally, we find that zebrafish ar mutant males have functional, mature sperm present in their testis, but are infertile due to an inability to release sperm. These findings suggest that AR is required for male sexual development and fertility, but not essential for sexual differentiation in zebrafish. The ar mutant we developed will be useful for modeling human endocrine function in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Expression of primary cilia-related genes in developing mouse gonads

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal P. Piprek ◽  
Dagmara Podkowa ◽  
Malgorzata Kloc ◽  
Jacek Z. Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Cell Types

Mechanisms governing differentiation of the bipotential gonad into the testes or ovaries are complex and still vague. The primary cilium is an organelle involved in cell signaling, which controls the development of many organs, but the role of primary cilium in the sex determination and sexual differentiation of gonads is com-pletely unknown. Here we studied the expression of genes involved in primary cilium formation and function-ing in fetal mouse gonads, before, during and after sexual differentiation. We studied the expression of 175 primary cilia-related genes using microarray technique. 144 of these genes were ubiquitously expressed in all studied cell types with no significant differences in expression level. Such a high level of expression of primary cilia-related genes in developing mouse gonads suggests that the primary cilia and/or primary cilia-related genes are important for the development of both somatic and germline component of the gonads. Only 31 genes showed a difference in expression between different cell types, which suggests that they have different functions in the somatic and germ cells. These results justify further studies on the role of primary cilia and the primary cilia-related genes in gonad development.

scholarly journals CYP19A1 (aromatase) dominates female gonadal differentiation in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos sexual differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Jin ◽  
Qisheng Zuo ◽  
Jiuzhou Song ◽  
Yani Zhang ◽  
Guohong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic Expression ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Abstract Cytochrome P450 Family 19 SubFamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) gene encodes an aromatase which regulates the sexual differentiation in vertebrates by initiating and maintaining 17β-Estradiol (E2) synthesis. Here, we described the spatiotemporal expression pattern of CYP19A1 and its functional role in the embryonic gonad development in amphoteric chickens (Gallus gallus). Results showed that CYP19A1 exhibited a sexually dimorphic expression pattern in female gonads early at embryonic day 5.5 (HH 28) and robustly expressed within the cytoplasm in ovarian medullas. Most importantly, we induced the gonadal sex reversal by ectopically delivering the aromatase inhibitor (AI) or estradiol (E2) into chicken embryos. To further explore the role of CYP19A1 in chicken embryonic sexual differentiation, we successfully developed an effective method to deliver lentiviral particles with CYP19A1 manipulation into chicken embryos via embryonic intravascular injection. The analysis of interference and overexpression of CYP19A1 provided solid evidences that CYP19A1 is both necessary and sufficient to initiate sex differentiation toward female in chicken embryos. Collectively, this work demonstrates that CYP19A1 is a crucial sex differentiation gene in the embryonic development, which provides a foundation for understanding the mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in chickens.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mosaic mutation of SRY gene induces hermaphroditism in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuning Song ◽  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Mingming Liang ◽  
Yuxin Zhang ◽  
Mao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Sry Gene ◽  
Male Sex

Hermaphroditism is a rare disorder that affects sexual development, resulting in individuals with both male and female sexual organs. Hermaphroditism is caused by anomalies in genes regulating sex determination, gonad development, or expression of hormones and their receptors during embryonic development during sexual differentiation. SRY is a sex-determination gene on the Y chromosome that is responsible for initiating male sex determination in mammals. In this study, we introduced CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations in the high-mobility-group (HMG) region of the rabbit SRY. As expected, SRY-mutant chimeric rabbits were diagnosed with hermaphroditism, characterized by possessing ovotestis, testis, ovary and uterus simultaneously. Histopathology analysis revealed that the testicular tissue was immature and lacked spermatogenic cells, while the ovarian portion appeared normal and displayed follicles at different stages. This is the first report of a rabbit hermaphroditism model generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This novel rabbit model could advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of hermaphroditism, and identify novel therapies for human clinical treatment of hermaphroditism.

Androgen-induced plasticity at a “vocal” neuromuscular synapse

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Darcy B. Kelley ◽  
Martha L. Tobias ◽  
Mark Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Neuromuscular Synapse ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Androgen Action ◽  
Clawed Frog

Brain and muscle are sexually differentiated tissues in which masculinization is controlled by the secretion of androgens from the testes. Sensitivity to androgen is conferred by the expression of an intracellular protein, the androgen receptor. A central problem of sexual differentiation is thus to understand the cellular and molecular basis of androgen action. We do not understand how hormone occupancy of a receptor translates into an alteration in the developmental program of the target cell. Our studies on sexual differentiation of brain and muscle in Xenopus laevis are designed to explore the molecular basis of androgen induced sexual differentiation by examining how this hormone controls the masculinization of brain and muscle targets.Our approach to this problem has focused on a highly androgen sensitive, sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system: laryngeal muscles and motor neurons of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We have been studying sex differences at a synapse, the laryngeal neuromuscular junction, which mediates sexually dimorphic vocal behavior in Xenopus laevis frogs.

Hyenas provide clues to sexual differentiation

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Azar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation
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