Clonal evaluation for increased seed production in two species of forage grasses, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Phleum pratense L.

Euphytica ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

NITROGEN ENHANCEMENT OF SURFACE APPLIED FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY FORAGE SPECIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. SHEARD
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
N Application ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Nitrogen, supplied as NH4NO3 to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) or as N derived from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growing in association with timothy, enhanced the utilization of surface applications of pelleted, 32P-labelled calcium phosphate. The proportion of the P in timothy derived from a single application of 60 kg P/ha increased from a range of 16% to 21% without N to a range of 38% to 43% with an application of 60 kg N/ha before spring growth and repeated after the first and second harvests. At the first two harvests, growing timothy in association with alfalfa further increased the proportion. The increase was greater at the second harvest and at the lower rates of N, amounting to an increase of one-third at applications of 15 and 30 kg N/ha. The proportion of P in the first harvest of bromegrass which was derived from a surface application was increased 17% to 26% as the rate of P was increased from 40 to 120 kg P/ha; however, N fertilizer as NH4NO3 increased fertilizer P utilization from 17% to 32% as the rate of N was increased from zero to 120 kg N/ha at the 40 kg P/ha rate, and from 26% to 57% with increasing N at the 120 kg P/ha rate. Similar data were obtained when the rates of N application were repeated for the second and third harvests. A relationship, developed between the N concentration in the grass species and the percent utilization of fertilizer P, would suggest that enhancement in utilization of P was, in part, the result of an increase in the assimilated N in the plant. The experiments illustrate that it is imperative to provide adequate N for efficient utilization of surface-applied P by perennial forage grasses.

Effects of fertilizer salt concentration on viability of seed and Rhizobium used for hydroseeding

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Carr ◽  
T. M. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

For testing salt effects on seed and Rhizobium, 10–30–10 fertilizer and KCl solutions were used; the solutions had an osmotic potential of − 2.5 MPa, equivalent to 90 kg of the fertilizer per cubic metre of water. Solution contact for 1 h slightly affected the viability of Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard but the effects were not of practical significance. Reduced viability was exhibited by Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L. var. commutata Gaud., and Trifolium repens L. seed which had been rinsed after 1 h of fertilizer solution contact. Agrostis alba L., Dactylis glomerata L., F. rubra L., Lolium perenne L., L. multiflorum L., Phleum pratense L., T. hybridum L., and T. pratense L. were not significantly affected. In tests of seed unrinsed after solution contact for 1 h, viability of F. rubra, F. arundinacea, and T. repens was significantly reduced; that of L. multiflorum was not. Trifolium repens was more affected than in the test of rinsed seed.As T. repens viability was reduced as much as 30%, seed of this species might be applied separately from hydroseeder slurries having high fertilizer concentrations. Significant effects on other species tested are too small to influence hydroseeding methods, but amount and proportion of the seed mix may be altered where high fertilizer concentrations are used.

EFFECTS OF 2,4-D AND DICAMBA TIME OF APPLICATION ON TIMOTHY SEED PRODUCTION

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT ◽  
J. H. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Stage Yield ◽  
Development Applications

The effects of 2,4-D at 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha and dicamba at 0.15–0.60 kg/ha on seed production of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were evaluated. Applications of 2,4-D at 0.5 kg/ha to timothy in late September of the year of seeding severely reduced yields the following year. The same rate of 2,4-D applied in the spring before stem elongation also reduced yields, but spring applications at the shot-blade or 5% heading stage did not reduce yields. 2,4-D at 1.0 kg/ha caused yield reductions when applied at any of the above stages of crop development. Applications of dicamba at 0.15–0.60 kg/ha in late September of the year of seeding reduced yields the following year with the exception of the 0.15-kg/ha rate which reduced yields in only one of the 2 yr. Dicamba at the same rates reduced yields when applied in the spring before stem elongation or at the shot-blade stage. Yield losses due to dicamba increased with each advance in the stage of crop development at the time of herbicide application. 2,4-D had no significant effect on seed quality but dicamba applied in the spring reduced seed germination. Yield reductions caused by 2,4-D were attributed mainly to the reduction in the number of heads while those caused by dicamba were attributed mainly to the reduction in the weight of seed produced per head.

The influence of density and nitrogen in seed production stands of S48 timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and S215 meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.)

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Made In

Seed production stands of S 48 timothy and S 215 meadow fescue were obtained with varying plant densities by utilizing two driE widths, removing sections of drill, or oversowing drilled material.Annual tiller counts were made in preselected quadrats, and performances of tiller populations were assessed from these quadrats.

scholarly journals Hevosten Nurmirehut –hanke. Ruokonadastako säilörehua hevosille -nurmikasvilajin ja korjuuajan vaikutus sulavuuteen pässeillä

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Sormunen-Cristian ◽  
Terttu Heikkilä ◽  
Susanna Särkijärvi ◽  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Lauri Jauhiainen
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Ruokonadan (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) ja timotei (Phleum pratense L.) - nurminataseoksen (Festuca pratensis H.) ensimmäisestä sadosta tehtiin alkukesästä 2006 pyöröpaalisäilörehuja hevosten ja lampaiden sulavuuskokeita varten. Rehut niitettiin kolmessa eri kehitysvaiheessa viikon välein (19.6., 26.6. ja 3.7.2006). Rehujen kuiva-ainetavoite oli 350 - 400 g/kg ja D-arvotavoitteet eri kasvuasteille 690, 650 ja 610 g/kg KA. Tarkoituksena oli tutkia kasvilajin ja korjuuajan vaikutusta pässeillä määritettyyn sulavuuteen sekä sitä, millä tarkkuudella hevosten nurmirehujen sulavuus voidaan määrittää hevosten sijasta pässeillä. Tarkoituksena oli saada lisätietoa ruokonadasta käytettäväksi myös märehtijöiden ruokintaan. Tutkimus kuului Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskuksen (MTT), Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön (MMM), Helsingin yliopiston (HY) ja yritysten rahoittamaan Hevosten Nurmirehut –hankkeeseen (2006-2008).Säilörehut olivat kuivia (357–550 g KA/kg) ja käymislaadultaan hyviä. Verrattuna timotei-nurminataan ruokonatasäilörehun tuhkapitoisuus oli selvästi korkeampi (76 vs. 95 g/kg KA) ja raaka-valkuaispitoisuus pienempi (134 vs. 116 g/kg KA). Kuitupitoisuudeltaan kasvilajit eivät eronneet toisistaan. Kasvuasteen vanhetessa kasvilajien kuitupitoisuus nousi ja raakavalkuaispitoisuus ja D-arvo laskivat. Timotei-nurminadan in vitro –sellulaasisulavuudella laskettu rehuarvo oli hieman ruokonadan rehuarvoa parempi.Säilörehujen sulavuus määritettiin kuudella, keskimäärin 53-kiloisella, risteytyspässillä 27.1. - 20.4.2007 samanaikaisesti hevosten sulavuuskokeen kanssa. Koemallina oli 6 * 4 epätäydellinen latinalainen neliö. Maittavuuskaudella pässit saivat säilörehuja vapaasti ja keruukaudella 41 g kuiva-ainetta metabolista elopainokiloa (kgW0,75) kohden päivässä.Kasvilaji ja kasvuaste vaikuttivat säilörehun syöntiin ja sulavuuteen. Kun syöntiä ei rajoitettu, timotei-nurminadan keskimääräinen syönti oli ruokonatasäilörehun syöntiä suurempi (1,32 vs. 1,10 kg KA/el/pv, 67 vs. 56 g KA/kgW0,75, p<0,01). Pässit söivät eniten ensimmäisellä kasvuasteella valmistettua timotei-nurminatasäilörehua (75 g KA/kgW0,75) ja vähiten toisen kasvuasteen ruokonatasäilörehua (48 g KA/kgW0,75). Kasvuasteen vanhetessa sulavuus laski merkitsevästi (p<0,001). Timotei-nurminatasäilörehun kuiva-aineen (0,673 vs. 0,650 g/g KA, p<0,01), orgaanisen aineen (0,690 vs. 0,667 g/g KA, p<0,01), raakavalkuaisen (0,700 vs. 0,671 g/g KA, p=0,01) ja neutraalidetergenttikuidun (NDF) (0,686 vs. 0,642 g/g KA, p<0,001) sulavuus oli ruokonatasäilörehun sulavuutta parempi.Pässeillä määritetyt säilörehujen orgaanisen aineen in vivo –sulavuudet sekä näiden avulla lasketut D-arvot olivat selvästi hevosilla saatuja sulavuuksia ja D-arvoja korkeammat. Tämä johtaa hevosten nurmirehujen energia-arvon yliarvioimiseen, mikä on otettava huomioon hevosten ravinnontarvesuosituksissa.

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF WEEDY GRASSES ON SEED PRODUCTION OF BROMEGRASS, CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND TIMOTHY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Herbicides for the control of annual grass weeds were applied to established seed-producing stands of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) in spring each year 1979 through 1981 and to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in 1980 and 1981. Flamprop methyl reduced seed yields in 2 years in bromegrass and in 1 year in crested wheatgrass and timothy. Diclofop methyl and difenzoquat reduced timothy and bromegrass yields, but not yields of crested wheat-grass. Diclofop methyl and flamprop methyl stunted timothy, reduced the number of seed heads formed, and delayed their maturation. Propanil reduced timothy seed yield 1 year, but did not reduce bromegrass yields. Dichlobenil had no deleterious effects.Key words: Bromus inermis, Agropyron cristatum, Phleum pratense, seed production, herbicides

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