Somatic cell culture of rice cultivars with different grain types: Somaclonal variation in some grain and quality characters

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Kang-Le ◽  
Zhou Zong-Ming ◽  
Wang Guo-Liang ◽  
Luo Yu-Kun ◽  
Xiong Zhen-Min
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Rice Cultivars

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic and epigenetic changes during cell culture ageing and relations with somaclonal variation in Coffea arabica

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bobadilla Landey ◽  
Alberto Cenci ◽  
Romain Guyot ◽  
Benoît Bertrand ◽  
Frédéric Georget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Epigenetic Changes

Down's Syndrome (Mongolism), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 171, article 2, edited by Virginia Apgar, M.D. New York: The National Foundation–March of Dimes, 1970, pp. 303–688, $24.50

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1007
Author(s):  
Hans Zellweger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
York Academy ◽  
National Foundation ◽  
March Of Dimes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This volume of the New York Academy of Sciences contains the transactions of a conference on mongolism held by the New York Academy of Sciences and the National Foundation– March of Dimes on November 24-26, 1969, in New York. Over 40 articles written by some of the world's most knowledgeable experts summarize and review in part well established facts, while other investigators discuss newer developments such as somatic cell culture technics (T. T. Puck) and hybridization of mammalian cells (B. R. Migeon).

54 IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE CLONED EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY HANDMADE CLONING FROM DISTINCT CELL CULTURE CONFLUENCES AND AGGREGATION SCHEMES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
R. P. C. Gerger ◽  
E. S. Ribeiro ◽  
J. C. Mezzalira ◽  
L. U. Olwheiler ◽  
F. Forell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Aggregation Scheme ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Handmade Cloning

The coordination of the cell cycle of the donor nucleus and the recipient cytoplasm is thought to be one of the major essential factors needed for successful development of cloned embryos and offspring from somatic cell populations. Cell cycle synchronization protocols used for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) vary in preference among groups, with the confluence inhibition by contact appearing to be one of the most widely used methods today. However, the relationship between the level of cell confluence in a culture dish at or near the plateau phase of growth and blastocyst yield following cloning by SCNT still needs to be better characterized. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 3 distinct cell culture confluences before nuclear transfer and embryo aggregation on in vitro development of clone bovine embryos. In vitro-matured bovine COC were used for the production of clone embryos by handmade cloning, according to our established procedures (Ribeiro et al. 2009 Cloning Stem Cells 11). Oocytes were manually bisected following cumulus and zona removal. After selection of hemi-cytoplasts by DNA staining, 1 (50%) or 2 (100%) enucleated hemi-cytoplasts were paired with an adult Nelore skin somatic cell and then electrofused (15 V AC pre-pulse for 5 s, followed by a double 1.2 kV cm-1 DC pulse for 20 μs). Cells were selected from 1 out of 3 distinct culture confluences: (1) 70 to 80%; (2) 80 to 90%; and (3) >90%; assessed by morphological evaluation before the SCNT procedure. Reconstructed clone embryos and groups of zona-intact oocytes (parthenote controls) were activated in ionomycin and 6-DMAP. Clone embryos (100%) and hemi-embryos (50%) reconstructed from the 3 groups underwent IVC in the well of the well (WOW) system for 7 days, allocating 1 embryo (1 × 100%) or aggregating two hemi-embryos (2 × 50%) per WOW. After 11 replications, cleavage (Day 2) and blastocyst (Day 7) rates, on a per WOW basis, were compared using the chi-square test. Results are summarized in Table 1. Cleavage rates were similar for all groups. The aggregation scheme did not appear to have influenced, either positively or negatively, the developmental outcome to the blastocyst stage. However, blastocyst rates increased nonlinearly (7.0, 17.5, and 29.4%) with the increase in cell confluence. A highly confluent cell culture has already been shown to have a greater proportion of cells in G0/G1 than cycling cells at the log phase (>91% v. 59%; Sun et al. 2008 Zygote 16, 111-116). However, blastocyst development in this study was lower than anticipated for cells in the early plateau phase (70 to 80%), when predicting such development based on the expected G0/G1 proportion in that cell population. Table 1.In vitro development of bovine cloned embryos from distinct cell culture confluences and aggregation scheme This study was supported by FAPESP and CAPES/Brazil.

Cytogenetic abnormalities of cotton somaclones from callus cultures

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Stelly ◽  
D. W. Altman ◽  
R. J. Kohel ◽  
T. S. Rangan ◽  
E. Commiskey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Metaphase I

Somaclonal variation occurs among regenerants from tissue culture of many plant species. Our objective was to determine whether cytogenetic variation contributes to somaclonal variation in cotton (Gossyptum hirsutum L.,2n = 4x = 52). Of 117 somaclones of cotton regenerated from 18-month-old callus cultures of 'SJ-2' and 'SJ-5' cultivars, 35 were analyzed for meiotic abnormalities. The population of somaclones was extremely varied in phenotype, most plants being strikingly aberrant in phenotype. Fertility was generally poor: 84% failed to set bolls and only 5% set 10 or more bolls in a field environment. Only one of the somaclones (3%) formed 26 bivalents at metaphase I. Fourteen were nonsynaptic to partially synaptic at metaphase I. Synaptic abnormalities impaired fertility and precluded thorough metaphase analysis. Chromosome numbers obtained for 32 plants ranged from 49 to 53, and only 1 plant was hyperaneuploid. No plant was polyploid. Chromosomal abnormalities in plants with normal metaphase pairing included univalents, unequal bivalents, rod bivalents, trivalents, open quadrivalents, and centric fragments. Seventeen hypoaneuploid plants formed a V-shaped trivalent at metaphase I, constituting a high frequency of tertiary monosomy. The high frequencies of aneuploidy and tertiary monosomy indicate that cytogenetic anomalies are a major source of somaclonal variation in cotton. It is hypothesized that (i) primary cytogenetic events during cotton cell culture give rise to breakage – fusion – bridge (BFB) cycles, (ii) BFB cycles accrue during culture, (iii) BFB cycles cause loss of chromatin, and (iv) BFB cycles are resolved by the formation of stable tertiary chromosomes with mono-centric activity. The hypothesis accounts mechanistically for the coincidence of chromatin deficiencies and chromatin exchange involved implicitly in tertiary monosomy, as well as for the relatively high frequency of tertiary monosomy among somaclones.Key words: aneuploid, monosomic, synaptic, sterility, Gossypium.

scholarly journals A human somatic cell culture system for modelling gene silencing by transcriptional interference

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e03261
Author(s):  
Theresa Kühnel ◽  
Helena Sophie Barbara Heinz ◽  
Nadja Utz ◽  
Tanja Božić ◽  
Bernhard Horsthemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
Transcriptional Interference ◽  
Human Somatic Cell
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