The SSHPA Project

Social Sciences & Humanities Peer Awards (SSHPA) is an ecosystem of a scientific database and a science communication website. The project was funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under the National Research Grant No. 502.01-2018.19. The SSHPA database was validated by Nature's Scientific Data.

Changes in physical activity behavior and development of cardiovascular risk in children

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Foundation Background Prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease should start early in life. The study aimed to investigate the association of changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with development of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvascular health in children over four years. Methods In 2014, 391 children aged 6-8 years were screened, and thereof 262 children were reexamined after four years following standardized protocols. Retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular diameters were measured by a retinal vessel analyzer. CRF was objectively assessed by a 20m shuttle run, physical activity and sedentary behavior by use of a questionnaire. Results Children who achieved higher CRF levels reduced their BMI (β [95% CI] -0.35 [-0.46 to -0.25] kg/m2 per stage, P ≤ 0.001) and thereby developed wider CRAE (β [95% CI] 0.25 [0.24 to 0.48] µm per stage, P = 0.03) at follow-up. Moreover, children with elevated or high systolic BP at baseline, but lower levels of sedentary behavior during the observation period, had wider CRAE at follow-up (β [95% CI] -0.37 [-0.66 to -0.08] µm per 10 min/d, P = 0.013). Conclusion An increase of CRF over four years was associated with a reduced BMI and consequently wider retinal arterioles at follow-up. In children with elevated or high systolic BP, a reduction of sedentary behavior by merely 10 min per day significantly improved retinal microvascular health as a primary prevention strategy to promote childhood health and combat development of manifest CV disease later in life.

Changes in the Social Fabric of Victims of the Armed Conflict in Colombia Based on an Analysis of Their Sound Environments

The objective of this study was to analyse the changes in social fabric caused by the armed conflict in Colombia among people who had been the victims of forced displacement and who, when arriving in the new places, participate in a musical-social programme. The study was conducted using testimonies from interviews and in the form of sound postcards, an ethnographic research tool. Twenty-one interviews with 14 interviewees in the Music for Reconciliation (MFR) programme of the Batuta National Foundation (BNF) and their families were analysed, and 70 sound postcards, revealing the meaning of interviewees’ sonic landscapes, or soundscapes, in their everyday lives. Their sound environments were found to have changed significantly; having been rural before forced displacement they became urban, and there were also changes in interviewees’ social bonds with people and relationships to objects in the environment. The study reveals a significant change in their sound landscapes before and after forced displacement and analyses the impact of these sonic landscapes and their meaning in the everyday lives of the participants. Finally, the use of sound postcards highlights MFR music centres as places where displaced people can be helped to form new bonds. The sound environment of these music centres give meaning to music making, generating positive feelings and providing participants with an emotional support network.

A POLÍTICA DE DEMARCAÇÃO DE TERRAS INDÍGENAS: O CASO DA TERRA INDÍGENA BOQUEIRÃO – RORAIMA – BRASIL

A partir da identificação e demarcação da Terra Indígena Boqueirão, buscou-se discutir a base para demandas recentes de ampliação de terras indígenas, a partir do entendimento de que mesmo que o Estado faça os procedimentos legais, isso não garante uma situação de pleno direito a terra e de possibilidade real de reprodução física e cultural. A pesquisa adotou como procedimentos metodológicos o estudo de documentos a partir do Processo da Fundação Nacional do Índio n. 3437/81-76. Os resultados indicam que ocorre uma disputa pela terra entre índios e fazendeiros, e o Estado é o mediador dos conflitos garantindo a terra, porém, áreas reivindicadas pelos índios como essenciais para a vida são excluídas, configurando ao final do processo, uma situação de necessária revisão de forma a atender o direito garantido na Constituição Federal de 1988.Palavras-chave: Demarcação; Terra Indígena; Roraima; FUNAITHE POLICY OF DEMARCATION OF INDIGENOUS LANDS: THE CASE OF THE BOQUEIRÃO INDIGENOUS LAND - RORAIMA – BRAZILAbstract: Based on its identification and demarcation of Boqueirão Indigenous Land, it aimed to highlight the basis for recent demands for expanding indigenous lands, based on the understanding that even if the State does its legal procedures, it does not guarantee a full right situation the earth and the possibility of real physical and cultural reproduction; The research has adopted as a methodological procedures the study of documents from the process of the National Foundation of the Indian/FUNAI n. 3437 / 81-76, and interview with community leadership. The results show that there is a land dispute between indians and farmers, the state mediates its conflicts to guarantee the land, on the other hand, areas claimed by the indians as essential for life are excluded, a situation required to follow the right guaranteed in the federal constitution of 1988.Keywords: Demarcation; Indigenous Land; Roraima; FUNAILA POLÍTICA DE DEMARCACIÓN DE TIERRAS INDÍGENAS: EL CASO DE LA TIERRA INDÍGENA BOQUEIRÃO - RORAIMA – BRASILResumen: Con base en la identificación y demarcación de la Tierra Indígena de Boqueirão, se buscó discutir las bases de las recientes demandas de expansión de tierras indígenas, en el entendido de que aunque el Estado lleve a cabo procedimientos legales, esto no garantiza una situación de pleno derecho a la tierra y posibilidad real de reproducción física y cultural. La investigación adoptó como procedimientos metodológicos el estudio de documentos basados ​​en el Proceso de la Fundación Nacional del Indio n. 3437 / 81-76. Los resultados indican que existe una disputa por la tierra entre indígenas y campesinos, y el Estado es el mediador de los conflictos garantizando la tierra, sin embargo, las áreas reclamadas por los indígenas como esenciales para la vida quedan excluidas, configurando al final del proceso, un situación de necesaria revisión para dar cumplimiento al derecho garantizado en la Constitución Federal de 1988.Palabras clave: Demarcación; Tierra Indígena; Roraima; FUNAI

Implementation of Assessment for Islamic and Catholic Religious Values Development

Religious assessments in Indonesian Kindergartens must be based on the applicable curriculum. For schools based on certain religions, there is no difficulty in evaluating religion. But it is different with the National Kindergarten school that has children with different religious backgrounds. This is the reason the researchers conducted research on how to carry out religious assessments at the TK Yayasan Wanita Kereta Api (YWKA) Yogyakarta National Foundation. The purpose of this reseach are to describes implementation and process assessment for Islamic and Catholic religious values development in Yayasan Wanita Kereta Api’s National School. The type of this research is qualitative. The method used is participant observation. The results and discussion show that the implementation of assessments of the development of Islamic and Catholic values of children aged 4-6 years at YWKA Yogyakarta Kindergarten is the implementation of assessments of Islamic religious values using performance sheets by assessing religious education, creed, and morals seen from the process of evaluating reading Iqro '. The process of assessing Catholic religious values using anecdotal notes. The results of children's religious values are known to develop as expected (BSH). Therefore despite these different beliefs, the development of children's religious values is good and is in line with educational goals.

ThreThree-Dimensional Paladar Shutter Fisurated in Pediatric Patiente-Dimensional Paladar Shutter Fisurated in Pediatric Patient

Palatal fissure is one of the congenital craniofacial malformations with the highest incidence worldwide, which compromises both the aesthetic and functional part, thus altering the vital functions: chewing, phonation, hearing and swallowing. The literature indicates that this anomaly occurs in 25% individually and 50% when associated with the cleft lip. One of the characteristics of these patients is the presence of notable malnutrition, caused by difficulty feeding, because they cannot exert enough pressure to suck breast or bottle milk; In addition, oral-nasal communication will lead to food entering the nostrils, causing regurgitation until possible bronchial aspiration. Given this problem, it is necessary to use an acrylic device capable of momentarily sealing the palatal fissure, in order to prevent the diversion of food and restore the sucking reflex in the infant. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Three-dimensional Cleft Palate Shutter in a pediatric patient who attended the National Foundation of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (FUNARMAF) in June 2019. The methodological design corresponds to an analytical – synthetic study since it was based on the analysis of a single case of a 5-month-old female patient, with a Unilateral Palatal Fissure (right), giving her the treatment. Results show that a closure of the oral-nasal communication was obtained, re-establishing the suction reflex. In all, it was observed that the use of this device is effective in patients with lip-palatal fissure since it acts as an adjuvant in breastfeeding and feeding the baby.