scholarly journals Effects of allozyme variation on fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetica ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Serradilla ◽  
F. J. Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Fitness Components

scholarly journals GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256
Author(s):  
Rama S Singh ◽  
Donal A Hickey ◽  
Jean David
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT We have studied allozyme variation at 26 gene loci in nine populations of Drosophila melanogaster originating on five different continents. The distant populations show significant genetic differentiation. However, only half of the loci studied have contributed to this differentiation; the other half show identical patterns in all populations. The genetic differentiation in North American, European and African populations is correlated with the major climatic differences between north and south. These differences arise mainly from seven loci that show gene-frequency patterns suggestive of latitudinal clines in allele frequencies. The clinal variation is such that subtropical populations are more heterozygous than temperate populations. These results are discussed in relation to the selectionist and neutralist hypotheses of genetic variation in natural populations.

Fitness components at the octanol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetica ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pecsenye
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase

scholarly journals Intergenerational paternal effect of adult density in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purbasha Dasgupta ◽  
Saubhik Sarkar ◽  
Akankshya A. Das ◽  
Tanya Verma ◽  
Bodhisatta Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Significant Treatment Effect ◽  
Male Fitness ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Significant Treatment

AbstractNotwithstanding recent evidences, paternal environment is thought to be a potential but unlikely source of fitness variation that can affect trait evolution. Here we studied intergenerational effects of males’ exposure to varying adult density in Drosophila melanogaster laboratory populations.We held sires at normal (N), medium (M) and high (H) adult densities for two days before allowing them to mate with virgin females. This treatment did not introduce selection through differential mortality. Further, we randomly paired males and females and allowed a single round of mating between the sires and the dams. We then collected eggs from the dams and measured the egg size. Finally, we investigated the effect of the paternal treatment on juvenile and adult (male) fitness components.We found a significant treatment effect on juvenile competitive ability where the progeny sired by the H-males had higher competitive ability. Since we did not find the treatment to affect egg size, this effect is unlikely to be mediated through variation in female provisioning.Male fitness components were also found to have a significant treatment effect: M-sons had lower dry weight at eclosion, higher mating latency and lower competitive mating success.While being the first study to show both adaptive and non-adaptive effect of the paternal density in Drosophila, our results highlight the importance of considering paternal environment as important source of fitness variation.

Interspecific hybridization between Drosophila species group melanogaster sibling species: isozymic patterns and reproductive relationships

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Goulielmos ◽  
S. N. Alahiotis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
Male Genital

In spite of previous consensus that no F1 fertile hybrids (of both sexes) could be produced between any mating combination of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. mauritiana, the present data indicate that such hybrids were obtained. Thus, some crosses between D. mauritiana females and D. simulans or D. melanogaster males yield F1 fertile hybrids (of both sexes) which have been named Masi (or Masi-2 and Masi-3) and Mame, respectively. Electrophoretic studies, using the species-diagnostic genes for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase (6-Pgd, Adh, and Aldox, respectively), were used to investigate the hybrid status, taking into consideration (i) their reproductive relationships, (ii) the coexistence of electromorphs from different species in the same hybrid, within the same generation, and (iii) the expression of the above electromorphs in the hybrids as well as in progeny from backcrosses, where unexpected irregularities and abnormalities were observed. These interspecific hybrids have been kept in our laboratory (as stocks) for 50 generations, to date, and have also been tested for various characteristics that contributed to the verification of their hybrid status (mating abilities, enzyme activities, hybrid sex ratio, the morphology of male genital arches and other fitness components). The finding of major genetic phenomena (e.g., allozymic repression) in these hybrid genomes gives some idea of the nature of events that could be associated with strong evolutionary changes, thus controlling speciation processes.Key words: Drosophila, electrophoresis, electromorphs, interspecific hybrids.

scholarly journals Fitness and fitness components for a two-allele system in Drosophila melanogaster

Hereditas ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANNE RASMUSON ◽  
ANDERS LJUNG
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fitness Components

scholarly journals The inbreeding decline and average dominance of genes affecting male life-history characters in Drosophila melanogaster

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Mating Ability ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Male Life History

SummaryThis paper describes the results of assays of male life-history characters in a large outbred laboratory population of D. melanogaster. Lines of flies homozygous for the entire third chromosome and lines of flies carrying two different third chromosomes were assayed for agespecific male mating ability (MMA), age-specific survivorship, male fertility, and body mass. The results of these assays were used to calculate the inbreeding decline associated with each of these traits, the average dominance of deleterious alleles that affect the traits, the genotypic and environmental components of variance for the homozygous lines, and phenotypic and genotypic correlations among the characters. Significant inbreeding decline was found for all characters except the Gompertz intercept and fertility. Early and late MMA show larger effects of inbreeding than any other trait. The inbreeding load for MMA is about the same magnitude as that for egg-to-adult viability, but is substantially less than that associated with total fitness. The estimated inbreeding decline and average dominance of male life-history characters are comparable to estimates for other Drosophila fitness components.

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